Friday 31 May 2019

How to manage anxiety and depression in 10 easy* steps *NOT REALLY

a post by Faris for the Boing Boing blog



Anxiety and depression are deeply inter-related and both are among the most terrible things I have ever experienced.

This is in no way to say that they are worse than other things. It’s not a competition and one of the many terrible things anxiety and depression do is make you feel guilty about feeling bad because so many people have it worse off than you, because of disaster or illness or poverty or circumstance, which just makes the whole thing worse.

Anxiety often starts with a specific concern, something you are worried about, either personal [aggh money, agggh relationships, aggg jobs, aggg illness] or public [agggh run around screaming the whole world is on fire and no one seems to be able to do anything oh dear god I can never look at the news again did that really say nuclear war why won’t it stop and gosh isn’t it getting hot recently].

At some point, it metastasizes, spreading from a particular thing you have been over-thinking about and becomes a persistent feeling of dread and discomfort that will then alter your perception of anything that you think about.

Continue reading (be aware of use of F-word)

This is one of the most powerful things I have read in a long time. Where was it when I needed it 50 years ago?
I've actually learned most of this the hard way although I fortunately missed out on the suicidal ideation.



Advertising as a major source of human dissatisfaction: Cross-national evidence on one million Europeans

a column by Chloé Michel, Michelle Sovinsky, Eugenio Proto and Andrew Oswald for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

Although the negative impact of conspicuous consumption has been discussed for more than a century, the link between advertising and individual is not well understood.

This column uses longitudinal data for 27 countries in Europe linking change in life satisfaction to variation in advertising spend. The results show a large negative correlation that cannot be attributed to the business cycle or individual characteristics.

Continue reading

This is seriously worth reading if you are concerned about the increase in materialism in society and judgments based on what you have rather than who you are.


What to Do When You Feel Stuck, Stagnant, and Bored with Your Life

a post by Jan Ainsworth for the Tiny Buddha blog


Sometimes when things are falling apart they may actually be falling into place.” ~L.J. Vanier

Earlier last year, I felt like I finally had it all. Good education? Check. Respectable corporate job? Check. Decent salary? Check. Fancy car? Check. Charming, funny, and handsome boyfriend? Check. Stylish apartment? Check.

I should’ve been happy. So why didn’t I feel like I was? My life looked perfect on paper. So why did it still feel so empty? I’d done everything I thought I was supposed to. So why did I feel like a fraud? I had everything I’d ever wanted. So why didn’t it feel like enough?

The answer is simple: I’d been too busy trying to curate a life that looked good on the outside to recognize how I felt on the inside. I’d been too busy trying to be who other people wanted me to be to realize who I actually was. I’d been too busy trying to seem important to identify what was actually important to me.

I’d been too busy blindly going through the motions to realize that I was settling for jobs that didn’t align with my dreams, relationships that didn’t align with my needs, and a lifestyle that didn’t align with my values.

Continue reading

Oh how I wish that I had been given this to read forty years ago!


How Stockholm became the city of work-life balance

an article by Richard Orange published in the Guardian
More family time: the city is actively promoting itself as a destination for starting a family while maintaining a high-level career.
More family time: the city is actively promoting itself as a destination for starting a family while maintaining a high-level career. Photograph: brittak/Getty Images/iStockphoto

It is 3.30pm, and the first workers begin to trickle out of the curved glass headquarters of the Stockholm IT giant Ericsson.

John Langared, a 30-year-old programmer, is hurrying to pick up his daughter from school. He has her at home every other week, so tends to alternate short hours one week with long hours the next.

Sai Kumar, originally from India, is leaving to pick up his daughter because his wife has a Swedish class. Ylva (who doesn’t want to give her surname) is “off to the gym to stay sane”, as is Sumeia Assenai, 30, who came in at 7am, so is allowed to leave early under her company’s “flex bank” system.

Continue reading

Hazel’s comment:
All very well for people with project-type work but what about shop workers, street sweepers and those that we rely on to "do" for us?
Nurses can’t simply up and leave work when the work is done – it never is anyway.
Yes, for those who can then it is good and I certainly enjoyed having a reasonable amount of flexibility in working hours when the children were young.


In Order to Have a Good Death, Doctors Need to Stop Doctoring So Much

a post by John M Grohol for the World of Psychology blog

In Order to Have a Good Death, Doctors Need to Stop Doctoring So Much

It’s funny how people only start thinking about death when either a loved one has passed away, or they’re facing their own imminent mortality. But the time to talk and think about death is not at the end — but throughout your life.

Because unbeknownst to you, there is an entire profession aligned against you having a good death. And that is (nearly) the entire profession of doctors.

I was listening to “Fresh Air” on NPR yesterday with Terry Gross speaking to bioethicist Tia Powell about having a good death with dementia, among other topics. It made me think of my own dad’s recent death, and whether we provided him with a good death or not.

My dad died late last year. We tried our best to provide him with a good death, but it still wasn’t easy. What happens in Parkinson’s, along with dementias such as Alzheimer’s, is that the brain deteriorates. It stops functioning for other things, such as balance, which is so important for so many other activities. It also affects your muscles and we use muscles to swallow, so swallowing becomes extremely difficult.

So a lot of families face the decision about whether to use a feeding tube or not. Because if a person can’t swallow, they can’t take in new food and will eventually die due to that. It’s a decision we had to make for my dad, but for us it was an easy one since a feeding tube isn’t going to really help do anything for my dad’s quality of life — which had already deteriorated to the point where extending his life didn’t make much sense.

But for some families, a feeding tube seems to make sense because professionals — including nursing staff and doctors — recommend it. It makes their jobs easier, and they believe it helps to extend a person’s life.

Continue reading




Thursday 30 May 2019

Indebted life and money culture: payday lending in the United Kingdom

Paul Langley and Ben Anderson (Durham University, UK) and James Ash and Rachel Gordon (Newcastle University, UK) published in Economy and Society Volume 48 Issue 1 (2019)

Abstract

Critical social scientific research holds that credit–debt is a principal economic and governing relation in contemporary economy and society, but largely neglects money’s role in indebted life.

Drawing on qualitative research in the payday loan market in the United Kingdom, the paper shows that borrowers typically relate to loans in monetary rather than financial terms and incorporate them into practices of payment, spending and online banking.

To analyse how indebted life is variously experienced and enacted through money, the concept of money culture is developed to refer to money’s culture, money’s meanings and money’s affects. Borrowers enter into and negotiate payday loans through a digitally mediated money culture that both mobilizes and runs counter to money’s powerful fictions as circulating universal equivalent and calculative means of account.


Social networks, accessed and mobilised social capital and the employment status of older workers: A case study

an artticle by Kaberi Gayen (Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Dhaka University, Bangladesh), Robert Raeside (Edinburgh Business School, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK) and Ronald McQuaid (Department of Management Work and Organisation, University of Stirling, UK) published in International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy Volume 39 Issue 5/6 (2019)

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of social networks, and the social capital embedded in them, to secure employment if someone had become unemployed after the age of 50 years and to reveal the process of accessing and mobilising that social capital.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study of a Scottish labour market was undertaken which involved an interview-based survey of those who became unemployed in their early 50’s and tried to regain employment. The interview had structured and unstructured parts which allowed both quantitative and qualitative analysis to compare those who were successful in regaining work with those who were not. The uniqueness of the paper is the use of social network components while controlling for other socio-economic and demographic variables in job search of older workers.

Findings
Those older people who were unemployed and, returned to employment (reemployed) had a higher proportion of contacts with higher prestige jobs, their job searching methods were mainly interpersonal and the rate of finding their last job via their social networks was higher than those who remained unemployed. Both groups mobilised social capital (MSC), but those reemployed accessed higher “quality” social capital. “Strong ties”, rather than “weak ties”, were found to be important in accessing and mobilising social capital for the older workers who returned to employment.

Research limitations/implications
This work is limited to a local labour market and is based on a small but informative sample. However, it does show that policy is required to allow older people to enhance their social networks by strengthening the social capital embedded in the networks. The results support the use of intermediaries as bridges to help compensate for older people who have weak social networks. Besides the policy implications, the paper also has two distinct research implications. First, the use of social network component to the existing literature of older workers’ job search. Second, exploring the type and relational strength with network members to explain older workers’ reemployment.

Practical implications
The paper illustrates that how accessed and MSC can be measured.

Social implications
As populations age, this work points to an approach to support older people to re-enter employment and to include them in society.

Originality/value
The paper extends social network and employment literature to fill gaps on how older people require to both access and mobilise social capital. The importance of “strong ties” in the reemployment of older workers contrasts with much of the literature on younger workers where the “strength of weak ties” so far has been regarded as essential for successful job search. Measures are forwarded to reveal the relevance of social capital. The policy value of the work is in suggesting ways to facilitate older people re-enter or remain in work and hence sustain their well-being.


Leisure-enhancing technological change

a column by Łukasz Rachel for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

How we spend our time is changing rapidly.

This column argues that an important driver is leisure-enhancing innovation, aimed at capturing our time, attention, and data.

Leisure-enhancing technologies can help account for both the rise in leisure hours and the decline in productivity observed across the industrialised world. Their nature carries important implications for the long-run viability of the platforms’ business models, for measurement of economic activity, and for welfare.

Continue reading





What Happens When We Compromise Our Core Values

a post by Tim Brownson for the Tiny Buddha blog


“It’s not hard to make decisions when you know what your values are.” ~Roy E. Disney

I got out of the car and could immediately tell that something was amiss. There were far too many glum-looking people milling around outside the building my meeting was scheduled to take place in. I worked for Yellow Pages at the time, and I regularly met with business owners who were interested in placing ads.

At that moment two burly men exited through the warehouse adjoining the office carrying a filing cabinet. A man who was carrying what looked like a paper shredder followed them.

There were probably ten men, most of whom were wearing coveralls, stood around smoking, talking in hushed tones and generally looking despondent

I turned around to look at my manager. She shrugged and motioned for me to go into the office.

Continue reading

Hard hitting but very revealing if you can do the exercise that is suggested.


Do People Value Recorded Music?

an article by Lee Marshall (University of Bristol, UK) published in Cultural Sociology Volume 13 Issue 2 (June 2019)

Abstract

How much do the majority of people value music, and can or should that level of value be reflected in music’s economic value?

The dramatic decline in the economic value of recorded popular music in the 21st century has prompted much debate about music being ‘devalued’ and the perceived ‘value gap’ between music’s socio-cultural and economic values.

Using the economic decline of recorded music as a springboard, this article takes a different approach, however. It offers a theoretical analysis of popular music consumption practices organised thematically in terms of ‘music as object’ (focusing on the social values generated and perceived by recorded music artefacts) and ‘music as sound’ (focusing on the way that most contemporary musical experiences are characterised by music being background sound or accompaniment).

Overall, the argument is that ‘music’ may not be as culturally valued by people as is commonly assumed. The way that music operates as a low-value entity to many people is perhaps reflected in the cultural and economic contours of the digital music industry, though they are not caused by digitisation per se.


Why climate change could bring more infectious diseases

a post by Lidiya Angelova for the OUP blog


“Mosquito” by mikadago. Pixabay License via Pixabay

Human impact on climate and environment is a topic of many discussions and research. While the social, economic, and environmental effects of climate change are important, climate change could also increase the spread of infectious diseases dramatically. Many infectious agents affect humans and animals. Shifts of their habitats or health as a result of climate change and pollution can lead to the spread of infectious diseases.

One of the first signs of climate change is non-typical behaviour of animal populations. Raising temperatures and humidity are favourable for the development of infectious agents. Ticks are transmitters of various infectious diseases which have a seasonal occurrence in temperate regions – from early spring to late fall. Mild winters and humid, warm summers lead to longer times for tick-borne diseases like Lyme disease to develop. Migratory birds are a major vehicle for the spread of infectious diseases. Some of the pathogens can be transmitted directly to humans. Disturbing their migration route thanks to climate change can spread diseases to new territories. Migratory birds can carry ticks, which if have time to develop into adult form, can spread other deadly diseases.

Continue reading


Wednesday 29 May 2019

Public debt and the risk premium: A dangerous doom loop

a column by Cinzia Alcidi and Daniel Gros for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

The relationship between high public debt and low interest rates is once again at the forefront of debate.

This column shows that countries with high debt levels pay a risk premium. This creates the potential for self-reinforcing loops of high debt and high risk premia, which can become explosive.

Continue reading

Hazel’s comment:
I realise that this column is all about countries, large organisations, public debt etc but the underlying premise applies to individuals and households as well.
Too much debt is not a good thing.




The Difference Between Self-Esteem, Self-Worth, Self-Confidence and Self-Knowledge

a post by Jonice Webb for the Childhood Emotional Neglect blog [via World of Psychology]



I have noticed that there is a great deal of confusion between the four common struggles listed in the title. Sometimes folks ask me if they are all the same.

The differences can be subtle and there can be overlap, yes. But they are all indeed different in some very specific ways. Ways that are important to understand as you think about your own view of, and feelings about, yourself.

So let’s start with a little “quiz.” As you read the descriptions below, see if you can identify which person has low self-esteem, which has low self-worth, who has low self-confidence, and who has low self-awareness.

Then read on to see if you identified them correctly, and also to learn much more about each of these common struggles.

Continue reading


Minimalist life orientations as a dialogical tool for happiness

an article by Jennifer E. Hausen (University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg) published in British Journal of Guidance & Counselling Volume 47 Issue 2 (2019)

Abstract

In contemporary culture, it is natural to think that purchasing and owning the “right” possessions results in happiness. This belief supports our loyalty to consumer society.

However, several lines of research demonstrate that high consumption lifestyles and materialistic values are not a trustworthy path to well-being. Instead, materially simpler lifestyles such as minimalism, with a focus on intrinsic values, have been suggested as contributing to happiness and fulfilment.

Thus, the present paper exemplifies how individuals adopt minimalism. I propose Dialogical Self Theory (DST) to explain the decision-making processes in the transition from a materialist to a minimalist lifestyle since DST provides a useful framework to explore multiplicity in an individual’s self-concept by recognising the self as moving between multiple and relatively autonomous I-positions.

Thus, DST can be used to understand how internal inconsistencies, for example between a materialistic and a minimalistic I, are resolved. My elaborations suggest that the dialogical relations of different I-positions serve as a form of self-guidance leading the self to transform into a minimalist. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.


The mental health peer worker as informant: performing authenticity and the paradoxes of passing

an article by Jijian Voronka (University of Windsor, ON, Canada) published in Disability & Society Volume 34 Issue 4 (2019)

Abstract

The inclusion imperative in community care means that disabled people are now increasingly being employed as peer workers in the service systems that manage them.

This article offers a timely inquiry into the role of the peer worker in mental health and homeless service sectors.

Drawing on a four-year ethnography and in-depth qualitative interviews with fellow peer workers, I explore the paradoxical nature of new expectations for peer ‘authenticity,’ and the ways in which peer workers learn to manage the requirement to perform identity in our work roles.

This analysis thus denaturalizes peer identity, and works to develop possibilities for doing disability identity-based work differently.


It's Not "Failing" to Leave a Toxic, Abusive Marriage

a post by Angela Savage for the Tiny Buddha blog


“Forgive yourself for not knowing better at the time. Forgive yourself for giving away your power. Forgive yourself for past behaviors. Forgive yourself for the survival patterns and traits you picked up while enduring trauma. Forgive yourself for being who you needed to be.” ~Audrey Kitching

I have always been an extremely glass-half-full kind of person. I always see the best in everyone, and not only the best, but also the unlimited beauty and potential. And my god, it is glorious!!

I met and fell in love with a charming man. I was on a trip to Alaska to visit a lifelong friend, and met Mr. Wonderful at a gathering. He was attentive, charismatic, and made me feel like a queen. I was hooked. We were married four months later, and five months after that I had my second daughter.

I didn’t see the red flags. Looking back, I ask myself how I could have been so naïve, so trusting, so blind. Slowly but surely, though, my world changed.

First, it was little things, like coming out to check on me at night when I was breast pumping milk, to see what “I was up to,” then there was the name calling and shaming if I wanted to dress up and go out with friends to a dinner. I wondered if other wives got called sluts too because they would wear a pretty shirt.

There came a day when it became difficult to see the beauty in myself, and in him. Everything changed that day. And it never was able to return back to how it was before. The person that had vowed to love me, to cherish me, to protect me, and be there for me, cut me to the core with words that will never be undone.

Continue reading


Consequences of knowledge hiding: The differential compensatory effects of guilt and shame

an article by Anne Burmeister (University of Bern, Switzerland), Ulrike Fasbender (University of Giessen, Germany) and Fabiola H. Gerpott (Technical University of Berlin, Germany) published in Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology Volume 92, Issue 2 (June 2019)

Abstract

The nature of the consequences of knowledge hiding, defined as an intentional attempt to withhold knowledge that has been requested, and the mechanisms through which knowledge hiding affects outcomes are undertheorized.

In this research, we propose that knowledge hiding can evoke guilt and shame in the knowledge hiding perpetrator. We zoom into the three types of knowledge hiding – evasive hiding, playing dumb, and rationalized hiding – and predict that the more deceptive knowledge hiding types, namely evasive hiding and playing dumb, evoke stronger feelings of guilt and shame than rationalized hiding.

We further argue that guilt and shame trigger differential emotion‐based reparatory mechanisms, such that guilt induces the motivation to correct one's transgressions through organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), whereas shame induces the tendency to withdraw after hiding knowledge, as reflected in lower levels of OCB.

We test the proposed positive indirect relation between knowledge hiding and OCB via guilt, and the proposed negative indirect relation via shame in a scenario‐based experiment and a two‐wave field study. The studies provided support for most of our hypotheses.

We discuss how the proposed emotion pathway can facilitate nuanced theorizing about consequences of knowledge hiding for different types of negative emotions and subsequent compensatory work behaviours.

Practitioner points
  • Hiding knowledge from colleagues can lead to experiences of guilt and shame. Playing dumb (in contrast to evasive hiding and rationalized hiding) in particular elicits these negative emotional experiences. Practitioners should therefore aim to prevent knowledge hiding, and especially playing dumb, in organizations.
  • Guilt and shame elicit differential action tendencies in knowledge hiding perpetrators, which entails that negative emotions as a result of playing dumb can sometimes lead to positive behavioural consequences.
  • To effectively manage the consequences of knowledge hiding, practitioners should try to elicit constructive negative emotions (guilt) rather than destructive emotions (shame) as a reaction to employees' knowledge hiding. This can facilitate employees' compensation for their transgressions through organizational citizenship behaviour, rather than withdrawal from the situation.

Tuesday 28 May 2019

Combined Authorities and material participation: The capacity of Green Belt to engage political publics in England

an article by Quintin Bradley (Leeds Beckett University, UK) published in Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit Volume 34 Issue 2 (March 2019)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to consider the passions aroused by Green Belts in their urban containment function as a political accomplishment that has the capacity to orient publics around new spaces of governance.

The paper addresses what it identifies as a problem of relevance in the new Combined Authorities in England where public identity and belonging may be more firmly rooted in other places and settings.

It draws on the literature on material participation to locate the capacity to foster public belonging in objects, things and settings, and considers the environmental planning designation of Green Belt as an assemblage of the human and non-human which has the power to connect and contain.

In a case study of plans for Green Belt reduction in the Greater Manchester Combined Authority, the paper evidences the power of the non-human to mobilise public engagement and to foster territorial identity.

The paper concludes by setting out an approach to public participation that foregrounds the importance of material interests and affective relations with objects and things in the formation of political communities.


How to Reach Your Goal (And Why Three People Showing Up Isn’t Failure)

a post by Claire O'Connor for the Tiny Buddha blog


“If you believe it will work out, you’ll see opportunities. If you believe it won’t, you will see obstacles.” ~Wayne Dyer

I’ve been part of a social meet-up group for the past few years, one that’s helped me through tricky times like quitting my job, dealing with anxiety, and having my first baby. When I first joined the group, there were three people who attended the events. (Yes, you read that correctly — three people!)

There were lots of people in the group itself, but only three of us would regularly attend monthly events. It meant that if one of us couldn’t make the meet-up, we would have to cancel the whole thing (or it would be a rather intimate evening).

And yet, in the last year, the monthly attendance has quadrupled. (Admittedly, that only takes us to twelve people… but that’s still a 300 percent increase!)

Not bad in a year (and anyone who’s organized an event knows how hard it can be to get people to actually show up). And we’re talking twelve “regulars” — people who love the meet-ups, and who come back time and time again, enthusiastic and inspired.

Plus, our attendance is still growing, and interest is mounting. Who knows where we’ll be in a year’s time!

Continue reading


Student transitions into drug supply: exploring the university as a ‘risk environment’

an article by Leah Moyle (Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK) and Ross Coomber (University of Liverpool, UK; Griffith University, Queensland, Australia) published in Journal of Youth Studies Volume 22 Issue 5 (2019)

Abstract

Drug use, like much criminality, is often explored in relation to the journey into adulthood.

Though young people are understood to commonly ‘grow out’ of crime, protracted transitions from adolescence into adulthood have brought about a new developmental phase where many young people are freer to engage in drug-related leisure and other forms of subterranean play in a period of extended adolescence.

In this article, we look to this phase with focus upon those engaged in full time higher education and explore the extent to which entry into university and ‘studenthood’ enables particular changes in levels of involvement in recreational drug use and supply.

Drawing on 30 in-depth interviews undertaken with mainly ‘traditional’ undergraduate university students in South West England, this article seeks to explore the ways in which the structural circumstances of the university environment can produce favourable conditions for ‘turning points’, where university students transition into regular drug use and ‘social supply’.

It is argued that the university can be understood as a specific ‘risk environment’ where certain cultural and environmental attributes including distance from guardians, the interconnected nature of the student populace, and financial insecurity can ultimately provide facilitative conditions for transitions into drug supply.


The Oliver Twist workhouse is becoming a block of luxury flats with a "poor door"

a post by Cory Doctorow for the Boing Boing blog



The incredible human misery on display at the workhouse attached to central London's Middlesex Hospital inspired Charles Dickens to write "Oliver Twist"; now, Camden council has granted a developer permission to develop the site into luxury flats (just in time for the luxury flat crash!), in exchange for a commitment to build some below-market-rent social housing flats, which will be accessible through "poor doors."

Poor doors were the inspiration for my novella "Unauthorized Bread", the lead story in my new book Radicalized: these are separate entrances that developers build for luxury properties that have attained planning permission due to a promise to build below-market units. These separate entrances -- a cross between Jim Crow segregation and a Victorian servant's entrance -- ensure that the full-rate people don't have to ever encounter the subsidy people, but more importantly, they serve as a constant reminder to the subsidy people that they don't really belong there, they are mere charity cases. As I write in Unauthorized Bread: "even the pettiest amenity would be spitefully denied to the subsidy apartments unless the landlord was forced by law to provide it," or as John Siman paraphrases, "Free markets is a euphemism for fuck you."

Continue reading


The EU has been a huge success story for students

an article by Layla Moran published in the New Statesman

It is only by stopping Brexit that we can save Erasmus and make it affordable to study abroad.

rasmus is the EU’s biggest name on campus; every student has been on it or knows a course mate who has. Over 300,000 UK students have studied or worked in the EU as part of their degree since Erasmus started back in the 1980s. Universities tell us that it’s “an overwhelming force for good.”

But we should remember another 11,000 students take the plunge each year and head to the EU for their whole degree. Non-discrimination rules mean that a Brit in Amsterdam isn’t charged a penny more than a Dutch student at the same uni.

The EU has achieved something our parents could only dream of. Studying abroad has become affordable, fashionable and, well, normal.

The benefits of studying abroad are huge. You can pick up a new language, develop a love for another culture, and pick up new skills, hobbies and work experience to boost your CV. Finding your feet in a new country provides an enormous boost to your confidence and independence. And you’re building friendships that could last a lifetime.

Continue reading


Respecting Children as Equal Family Members: A Novel Concept from the 1950s

a post by Leonora Thompson for the Narcissism Meets Normalcy blog ,via World of Psychology blog]



Like most of you, I fantasize about the “good old days.” Ladies fashions, hair and make-up were so gorgeous in the 1940s ad 50s, I long to live back then. Most men I’ve known wish they’d lived either in the Wild, Wild West or in the 1920s with a flask of hooch in the pocket of their snappy pinstripe suit.

Oh, I know the peace and all-togetherness the past projects never really existed. Yesteryear was harsh and uncomfortable (girdles!) with plenty of its own scandals, poverty and wars. There were narcissists back then too, but it’s still fascinating to watch “How You Should Live” films from the 1950s. There are films about good habits, politeness, dating, marriage, cleanliness, hair care, make-up and how to have a good family life.

In the first Family Life film, what jumped off the screen and slapped me upside-the-head was how the children were equals in the family. Part of the core, the nucleus, not merely valance electrons circling sadly, outside and excluded. But I laughed it off. Maybe it was a fluke. After all, we’ve been told how disgustingly patriarchal and misogynistic the 1950s were.

Continue reading

The writer of this piece seems to have assumed that the "instructional" films are a portrayal of real life.
They aren't, they really aren't.
BUT when you get over the sickly sweetness there are nuggets of gold to be found.

Warning to my UK readers (which is most of you):
Thee films are American, extremely American if you get my meaning.


Toward Brain-Actuated Mobile Platform

an article by Jingsheng Tang, Yadong Liu, Jun Jiang, Yang Yu, Dewen Hu and Zongtan Zhou (National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China) pubslihed in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction Volume 35 Issue 10 (2019)

Abstract
This study presents a brain–computer interface (BCI) system aimed at providing disabled patients with mobile solutions for practical use.

The proposed system employs an omnidirectional chassis and a bionic robot arm to construct a multi-functional mobile platform. In addition, the system is equipped with a Kinect and 12 ultrasonic sensors to capture environment information. Based on artificial intelligence technology, the mobile system can understand the environment and smartly completes certain tasks.

A hybrid BCI combined with movement imagery paradigm and asynchronous P300 paradigm is designed to translate human intent to computer commands. The users interact with the system in a flexible way: on the one hand, the user issues commands to drive the system directly; on the other hand, the system searches for predefined operable targets and reports the results to the user.

Once the user confirms the target, the system will automatically complete the associated operation. To evaluate the system’s performance, a testing environment with a small room, aisle, and an elevator was built to simulate the mobile tasks in the daily scene.

Participants were instructed to operate the mobile system in the room, aisle, and using the elevator to go outdoors.

In this study, four subjects participated in the test, and all of them completed the task.


Monday 27 May 2019

10 for today starts with a dinosaur -- go and read the rest of the stuff I thought you might enjoy!

Why the T-Rex has tiny arms
via Boing Boing by David Pescovitz

Tyrannosaurus rex is known for being huge and threatening. What's with those tiny arms though? Don't call them useless.

==============================
Five of the Best Poems about Eyes
via Interesting Literature
Are these English literature’s greatest poems about eyes and sight?
The poet sees many things which the rest of us miss, and we might even offer one definition of ‘poet’ as ‘someone who takes the unremarkable and everyday and shows its deeper meaning to us’. It’s only an approximation of what the poet does, although it’s applicable to many of the greatest writers of poetry down the ages. And some of the greatest poets in English literature have written about the importance and power of eyes, and what it means to have – or not have – the gift of sight.
Continue reading
WOW. Just for once I know all of these – not to quote perhaps but enough to know I enjoy listening to them.

==============================
Flesh-and-blood Descartes
Steven Nadler on a new Life that shows the philosopher ‘deeply embedded in his dangerous times’
via Arts & Letters Daily: Times Literary Supplement

A plate from Antoine Le Grand’s first English translation of Descartes’s An Entire Body of Philosophy, 1694 © Science Source/akg-images
In the early 1630s, the French artist Simon Vouet, recently named premier peintre to the court of Louis XIII, produced a series of pastel portraits, probably commissioned by the King himself. One of these drawings, now in the Louvre, depicts a man in a broad white collar who appears to be in his mid-thirties. He has a fringe and shoulder-length hair, heavy eyelids, a moustache and a short beard beneath his lower lip. Writing in the TLS three years ago, Alexander Marr claimed that the subject of this portrait is the philosopher René Descartes (March 13, 2015); if Marr is correct, then this would be a fine addition to the small number of authentic portraits of Descartes painted during his lifetime.
Continue reading

==============================
Orangutans as forest engineers
via the OUP blog by Adam Munn and Mark Harrison

Orangutan by ghatamos, CC BY 2.0 via Flickr
Orangutans quite literally are “persons of the forest,” at least according to their Malay name (orang means “person” and hutan is “forest”). But this is more than just a name. As well as their distinctively “human” qualities, these large charismatic fruit-eaters are also gardeners, forest engineers responsible for spreading and maintaining a wide array of tree species. In Borneo in particular, their role as ecosystem engineers is not simply aesthetic, they may be critical for mitigating global carbon emissions. But how exactly might orangutans do this? The answer is in their poo.
Continue reading

==============================
The History of the Fatimid Caliphate (909–1171)
via About History by Alcibiades
The History of the Fatimid Caliphate (909–1171)
The Fatimid caliphate 909-1171 was a medieval Shiite Arab state centered in Cairo from 972. In the era of its power, the Fatimid caliphate included the territories of Egypt, the Maghreb, Palestine, and Syria. The caliphate split from the Abbasid caliphate as a result of an uprising of the Berber tribes in the province of Ifrikia, modern Tunisia, headed by the Ismaili preacher, Abu Abdallah. Abu Abdallah transferred all power to Ubeidallah, who claimed to be a descendant of Fatima. The caliphate was defended by Saladin, a Seljuk commander of Kurdish origin, who was called upon to organize a defense against the Crusaders in 1169.
Continue reading

==============================
Why Medieval Monasteries Branded Their Books
via Library Link of the Day: Jessica Leigh Hester in Atlas Obscura
Fire-branded symbols were a sign of ownership.
Fire-branded symbols were a sign of ownership. ALJNDRCZ/CC BY SA 4.0
When books hit the road, they don’t always make their way home again. Who among us doesn’t have some rogue volumes on our shelves, pilfered from libraries or “borrowed” and then absorbed? In the 15th and 16th centuries, when book printing was in its infancy, this problem of books gone missing was especially pronounced when the volumes in question were expressly designed to roam.
In particular, texts tagged along as missionaries fanned out to proselytize across the New World. When it came to converting indigenous people to Christianity, religious texts were a powerful weapon in missionaries’ arsenals, and psalms, confessions, and other liturgical texts—written in Spanish, Latin, and scores of indigenous languages—were printed in Europe and shipped across the ocean to New Spain. This land, encompassing present-day Mexico and other portions of Central and South America, was an epicenter of conversion efforts, and it soon became a hub for the printed word, too.
Continue reading

==============================
10 of the Best Lord Byron Poems Everyone Should Read
via Interesting Literature
The best poems by Byron
George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788-1824) wrote a great deal of poetry before his death, in his mid-thirties, while fighting in Greece. But what are Byron’s best poems? Here we’ve selected some of his best-known and best-loved poems, spanning narrative verse, love poetry, simple lyrics, and longer comic works.
Continue reading

==============================
Ancient Roman turned down tragic death by volcano for a slapstick alternative
via Boing Boing by Seamus Bellamy

Some folks believe that when it’s your time to go, you’re gonna go, no matter what you do. Were he still able to speak, at least one former citizen of the Roman city of Pompei might have something to say on the subject. In a press release pushed out by Parco Arceologico Di Pompei, it was announced that archeologists recently uncovered the remains of some poor bastard that managed to survive the initial eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, only to be crushed like a bug by a flying piece of stonework that was most likely tossed into the air by explosive volcanic gases which followed the eruption.
Continue reading

==============================
The Rule of the Roman Empire Under Macrinus
via About History by Alcibiades
The Rule of the Roman Empire Under Macrinus
Macrinus was Roman Emperor from 217 to 218. He was born in Caesarea of Mauritania, today’s modern Algeria, in 164 AD. For this reason, contemporaries called him the Moor, although he was a purebred Roman citizen and came from the ranks of the equestrians. After receiving a law degree, Macrinus served in Rome. Already during his first court session, he drew the attention of the powerful Prefect of the Praetorium. This happened during the reign of Septimius Severus.
Continue reading

==============================
The rise, fall and return of Shirley Collins, heroine of English folk music
via the New Statesman by Billy Bragg
In the beery, beardy world of folk music, Collins – a young, working class woman – had few people on her side.
Shirley Collins on the South Downs, East Sussex
“I felt the old singers standing behind me”: Shirley Collins on the South Downs, East Sussex
In the late 1950s, Ewan MacColl, one of the driving forces behind the postwar folk revival in Britain, decreed that, henceforth, folk singers should only sing material from their own national culture. Given his stance, you’d think that MacColl would be supportive of Shirley Collins. A young, working-class woman, she was born and bred in Sussex and many of the songs in her repertoire were learned from the county’s traditional singers. Alas no. MacColl, hiding behind the pseudonym “Speedwell”, penned unflattering rhymes about Shirley, printed in the pages of his own magazine, Folk Music, likening her to a lumbering Jersey cow.
Continue reading

Sunday 26 May 2019

10 for today starts with *the* plague then there's a bit of music, some history and poetry and a noodle maker. Enjoy!

Epidemics and the 'other'
a post by Samuel Cohn for the OUP blog

‘The Triumph of Death’. Painting by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, c.1562. Public domain via Wikimedia Commons
A scholarly consensus persists: across time, from the Plague of Athens to AIDS, epidemics provoke hate and blame of the ‘other’. As the Danish-German statesman and ancient historian, Barthold Georg Niebuhr proclaimed in 1816: “Times of plague are always those in which the bestial and diabolical side of human nature gains the upper hand.” In the 1950s, the French historian René Baehrel reasoned: epidemics induce ‘class hatred (La haine de classe)’; such emotions have been and are a part of our ‘structures mentales … constantes psychologiques’. With the rise of AIDS in the 1980s and 1990s, this chorus resounded. According to Carlo Ginzburg, ‘great pestilences intensified the search for a scapegoat on which fears, hatreds and tension … could be discharged’. For Dorothy Nelkin and Sander Gilman, ‘Blaming has always been a means to make mysterious and devastating diseases comprehensible’. Roy Porter concurred with Susan Sontag: ‘deadly diseases’, especially when ‘there is no cure to hand … spawn sinister connotations’. More recently from earthquake wrecked, cholera-hit Haiti, Paul Farmer concluded: ‘Blame was, after all, a calling card of all transnational epidemics.’ Others can easily be added. The problem is: these scholars have produced only a handful of examples—sometimes, the Black Death in 1348-51 and the burning of Jews; sometimes, the rise of Malfrancese (or Syphilis) at the end of the fifteenth century; sometimes, cholera riots in the nineteenth century; and AIDS in the 1980s (but usually from the U.S. alone).
Continue reading

==============================
Cyan colour hidden ingredient in sleep
via BBC by Sean Coughlan, BBC News education and family correspondent
Sleeping
The researchers say cyan could be added or taken away to prevent or encourage sleep
The colour cyan - between green and blue - is a hidden factor in encouraging or preventing sleep, according to biologists.
University of Manchester researchers say higher levels of cyan keep people awake, while reducing cyan is associated with helping sleep.
The impact was felt even if colour changes were not visible to the eye.
The researchers want to produce devices for computer screens and phones that could increase or decrease cyan levels.
Sleep researchers have already established links between colours and sleep - with blue light having been identified as more likely to delay sleep.
Continue reading

==============================
The Time Machine: Notes Towards an Analysis of Wells’s Novella
via Interesting Literature
In this week’s Dispatches from The Secret Library, Dr Oliver Tearle analyses the lasting appeal of H. G. Wells’s first great ‘scientific romance’
In some ways, H. G. Wells’s The Time Machine (1895) is a ‘timeless’ text: it continues to enjoy huge popularity (as witnessed by big film adaptations in 1960 and 2002, as well as the fact that the novel itself has never been out of print and is available in a range of editions), it continues to exert a considerable influence on the literature and cinema produced since, and its very narrative structure – with much of the action of the novel taking place in a time that hasn’t happened yet, the year 802,701 – in a sense absenting it from its own context. But an analysis of Wells’s novella that sees it floating completely free of its 1890s context, much as the Time Traveller himself succeeds in leaving his late Victorian world behind, risks overlooking the extent to which The Time Machine is a novella deeply rooted in late nineteenth-century concerns. These concerns are neatly covered in Roger Luckhurst’s introduction to the recent Oxford edition of the novella, The Time Machine (Oxford World’s Classics).
Continue reading

==============================
"With A Little Help From My Friends" covered on a mobile carillon
via Boing Boing

Most carillons are fixed in bell towers, but Chime Masters makes a mobile carillon, used here to play a lovely Beatles cover.
Continue reading

==============================
The History of Plastic
via Killer Web Directory by Administrator
Here is a decent infographic produced by the website called Globe Packaging that offers information about the fascinating history of the material plastic. Learn all about how it began, how we went from celluloid to synthetic plastic, how we went from from polyvinyl chloride to PET and more.
Click through to view

==============================
War of the Third Coalition 1803-1806
via About History by Alcibiades
War of the Third Coalition 1803-1806
The war of the Third Coalition (also known as the Russo-Austro-French War of 1805) was one of the Napoleonic Wars that lasted from 1803 to 1815. It was fought between France, Spain, Bavaria, and Italy, against the Third Anti-French Coalition, which included Austria, Russia, Britain, Sweden and the Kingdom of Naples.
Continue reading

==============================
Pythagoras was a cult leader, Socrates loved to dance + 8 other revelations
via the Big Think blog by Scotty Hendricks
Think of how many celebrities you know with personal lives for the world to see. How many of them do you share hobbies with? How many of them have made a humanizing slip-up?
People have been gossiping about celebrity lifestyles since the dawn of fame, but we often focus our attention on the lives of actors, athletes, and attention seekers. Famous academics and philosophers usually get a little more privacy.
This doesn’t mean their lives are any less interesting, however. An entire book, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers by Diogenes Laërtius, was written on the subject in the third century. A new edition reminds us that even eggheads can be just as amusing as rock stars.
Here are some of the most demystifying life stories of 10 famous philosophers. Take some of the details here with a grain of salt though, the book is rather uncritically written, and many details lack sources. Other details are supposedly confirmed by sources long since lost.
This hasn’t stopped other philosophers, Nietzsche and Montaigne among them, from admiring the text and it shouldn't stop you.
Continue reading

==============================
A Short Analysis of Christopher Marlowe’s ‘The Passionate Shepherd to His Love’
via Interesting Literature
‘The Passionate Shepherd to His Love’ is Christopher Marlowe’s most widely anthologised and best-known poem (he also wrote plays, including The Jew of Malta and Dr Faustus, which would influence Shakespeare’s early plays). A classic of the pastoral tradition of English poetry, ‘The Passionate Shepherd to His Love’ deserves closer analysis because it contains so many features of pastoral verse and, in many ways, is the finest embodiment of the genre in English literature.
Continue reading

==============================
Learn the art of hand-pulling noodles by two masters
via Boing Boing by Rusty Blazenhoff

Here where I live in Alameda, California, there's a Chinese restaurant where they hand-pull noodles behind a window in the back of the room. The atmosphere at Ark feels dated but the food's pretty good and watching the guy swinging around noodle dough makes it worth the trip. However, there's no opportunity to talk to the noodle maker and learn his story.
So, I was thrilled to see this Tasty video show up today. It gives insight on the artistry of hand-pulling noodles by two noodle masters, Peter Song of Kung Fu Kitchen in New York City and Shuichi Kotani, the CEO of Worldwide-Soba. Come for their stories but stay for the awesome footage of two pros making noodles dance (or vice versa).

==============================
Nabis, The Last King of Sparta
via About History by Alcibiades
Nabis, The Last King of Sparta
Nabis was the last king of independent Sparta. He ruled from 207 BC to 192 BC. He was the last in a series of Spartan social reformers. After the defeat of Sparta in the Clement War, lasting from 229 to 222 BC, there were no citizens of royal origin left in the city who could take the throne. After the short rule of Lycurgus, power was given to a minor Pelops, whose regents were Machanidas (until his death at the Battle of Mantine in 207 BC) and later Nabis.
Continue reading


Saturday 25 May 2019

10 for today starts with a yellow submarine and wanders around a mess of stuff until arriving at Europa, Jupiter's moon

50 years on, the Beatles film Yellow Submarine tells the story of the Sixties
via the New Statesman by DJ Taylor

The Beatles had little interest in the making of Yellow Submarine. But, the animation in which they barely appear says far more about them than they could have predicted.
Like many a pop-cultural highlight from the Age of Aquarius, Yellow Submarine came about mostly by accident. Its public unveiling, at a gala premiere made tabloid-worthy by the fact that Paul McCartney arrived alone rather than accompanied by his long-term girlfriend Jane Asher, was also weighed down by paradox. Here, after all, was that guaranteed box office smash, a “Beatles film”, in which the Fab Four only appeared in the closing frames (the previous 90 minutes were left to to cartoon representations of themselves); a celebration of Beatle-banter whose vocal parts were supplied by actors, and an undertaking in which the band took no interest at all until cinema audiences and critics signified their approval. What had started out as an expedient ended up, rather to its own surprise, as a bona fide classic from the late Sixties psychedelic margin – John, Paul, George and Ringo demonstrating yet again that practically any base metal could be turned to gold when exposed to their potent, alchemical touch.
Continue reading

==============================
A Short Analysis of Emily Brontë’s ‘Love and Friendship’
via Interesting LIterature
When she died in 1848, aged just 30, Emily Brontë had written just one novel, Wuthering Heights. Of course, that novel was a classic and remains one of the most popular and widely read Victorian novels. But Emily Brontë also wrote many poems. ‘Love and Friendship’ sees Emily Brontë reflecting on the differences between these two pillars of our emotional lives.
Continue reading

==============================
List of 10 Most Noted Pyramids in the World
via About History by Alcibiades
List of 10 Most Noted Pyramids in the World
PYRAMID OF THE SUN
This pyramid is located in Mexico, in the ancient city of Teotihuacan, built around 100 AD. It’s 66 meters (216 feet) high and it’s 220 by 230 meters (720 by 760 feet) at its base, and has 248 steps on its west side that lead to the top of the pyramid. It is believed that on top of the pyramid once stood a temple that has long been destroyed.
Continue reading

==============================
Fictional Gardens and Gardeners
via An Awfully Big Blog Adventure by Claire Fayers

The July [2018] heatwave has seen me at my allotment more often than usual, engaged in a battle to keep everything alive. This, naturally, has made me think of the many similarities between gardening and writing. Plenty of people have written on this topic before – the metaphor of planting seeds, tending the ground and waiting anxiously for ideas to sprout. So I thought I’d do something a little different today and talk about my favourite gardens and gardeners.
Continue reading

==============================
Tales of the Museum [The Louvre, Paris]
via The Black Stump
Dominique-Vivant Denon entices young and old into his workshop—an Aladdin's cave of treasures and memories. This emblematic figure was the first director of the Louvre in 1802. He has come back to life for us as a whimsical and exuberant adventurer who may not know everything, but has lived in the Louvre for over two centuries, mingling with artists, curators, museum attendants, visitors—maybe you!—so he's a boundless source of true stories, anecdotes, and memories about the artworks and his own life…
Some fifty anecdotes and five stories about the museum and its masterpieces are accessible in his workshop, by clicking on objects that appear at random, by choosing from a list in the portfolio or by using the index mode. As you explore the workshop, the mysteries and secrets surrounding the creation, discovery, acquisition, or restoration of a number of artworks are revealed by these "incredible-but-true" tales.
Go to website

==============================
Did the Duke of Buckingham conspire to kill King James I?
via Arts & Letters Daily: James M. Banner Jr in the weekly Standard
King James I (seated at right) meeting with his son, the future King Charles I (left), and the Duke of Buckingham






King James I (seated at right) meeting with his son, the future King Charles I (left), and the Duke of Buckingham

Upon the death of the childless Queen Elizabeth in 1603, the English crown passed to her closest heir, James VI of Scotland. James inherited the English throne as the son of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, Elizabeth’s cousin and the favorite of English Catholics, whom Elizabeth had ordered beheaded in 1587. Becoming James I of England, he ruled until his death in 1625. Benjamin Woolley’s book, The King’s Assassin: The Secret Plot to Murder King James I, trains its focus on the finale of James’s 22-year reign, along the way trying to explain how Britain’s first Stuart monarch, who combined three crowns (including Ireland’s) into “Great Britain,” managed his kingship.
Continue reading

==============================
When – and why – did people first start using money?
via the Big Think blog by Chapurukha Kusimba [first published in The Conversation]
Sometimes you run across a grimy, tattered dollar bill that seems like it’s been around since the beginning of time. Assuredly it hasn’t, but the history of human beings using cash currency does go back a long time – 40,000 years.
Scientists have tracked exchange and trade through the archaeological record, starting in Upper Paleolithic when groups of hunters traded for the best flint weapons and other tools. First, people bartered, making direct deals between two parties of desirable objects.
Money came a bit later. Its form has evolved over the millennia – from natural objects to coins to paper to digital versions. But whatever the format, human beings have long used currency as a means of exchange, a method of payment, a standard of value, a store of wealth and a unit of account.
As an anthropologist who’s made discoveries of ancient currency in the field, I’m interested in how money evolved in human civilization – and what these archaeological finds can tell us about trade and interaction between far-flung groups.
Continue reading

==============================
The Best Oscar Wilde Poems Everyone Should Read
via Interesting Literature
Are these Oscar Wilde’s finest poems?
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) was best-known for being Oscar Wilde. As is often remarked, he was one of the first modern celebrities, courting attention for his witty conversation, his flamboyant dress, and – later – his ‘scandalous’ sex life. But he was also a playwright, novelist, short-story writer, writer of charming fairy tales for children, and poet. This last one is often overlooked, with only one of this poems remaining widely known. In the following list, we pick six of Oscar Wilde’s best poems ranging from his early years at Oxford through to his years in exile in Paris.
Continue reading

==============================
New Kingdom of Egypt
via About History by Alcibiades
New Kingdom of Egypt
With the end of the 13th Dynasty, Egypt was divided between three powers: Hyksos to the north, Egyptian kings in Thebes, and Nubians to the south. The problems to the north started when the capital was moved from Itj-tawi to Thebes. Taking advantage of weak control in the north, the Hyksos established themselves in the city of Hutwaret (Avaris on Hellenic), which grew into a trading center under their control. The name Hyksos is of a Hellenic origin, but the name the Egyptians were using was Heqau-khasut, meaning “Rulers of Foreign Lands”. The identity or origin of the Hyksos is still unknown, as well as how and why they came to Egypt. There are different theories for this question among scholars.
Continue reading

==============================
Water geysers on Europa may make it easier to search for life there
via Boing Boing by David Pescovitz

New analysis of old data gathered by NASA's Galileo orbiter suggests that Jupiter's moon Europa is likely shooting water into space from geysers on its icy surface. Europa is considered to be the most likely candidate in our solar system to support extraterrestrial life and the plumes may make it easier for scientists to find evidence of oceanic ETs below the moon's frozen shell.
Continue reading

Friday 24 May 2019

Exploitation of workers becomes more socially acceptable if the workers are perceived as "passionate" about their jobs

a post by Cory Doctorow for the Boing Boing blog



In a new paper in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, a team from Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business found that people look more favorably on exploiting workers (making do "extra, unpaid, demeaning work") if the workers are "passionate" about their jobs.

Continue reading

There’s a couple of very useful links.


What I Believe and Why My Life Is Better Because of It

a post by Will Aylward for the Tiny Buddha blog


Seeing is not believing; believing is seeing! You see things, not as they are, but as you are.” ~Eric Butterworth

I didn’t always understand this, but I now know that my beliefs shape my experience of the world.

As I learned from Tony Robbins, our beliefs guide our choices, which ultimately create our results.

Our beliefs can either be a prison, keeping us trapped in negative thinking and behaviors, or they can be empowering and lead to courageous action and new possibilities.

For example, if you believe people are fundamentally bad, you may live life guarded, close yourself off to new relationships, and end up feeling lonely and bitter.

If you believe people are fundamentally good, you’ll try to see the best in them, develop close bonds with some of them, and end up feeling connected and supported, even if people occasionally disappoint you.

If you believe good things never happen for you and they never will, you’ll likely sit around feeling indignant and never make any effort.

If you believe the past doesn’t have to dictate the future, you’ll probably keep trying different things and eventually create possibilities for passion and purpose.

Same world, different beliefs, different choices—totally different results.

Continue reading


The Troubled History of Psychiatry

an article by Jerome Groopman for The New Yorker [via Arts and Letters Daily with thanks]

Challenges to the legitimacy of the profession have forced it to examine itself, including the fundamental question of what constitutes a mental disorder.


Illustration by Anna Parini

Modern medicine can be seen as a quest to understand pathogenesis, the biological cause of an illness. Once pathogenesis—the word comes from the Greek pathos (suffering) and genesis (origin)—has been established by scientific experiment, accurate diagnoses can be made, and targeted therapies developed. In the early years of the aids epidemic, there were all kinds of theories about what was causing it: toxicity from drug use during sex, allergic reactions to semen, and so on. Only after the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus helped lay such conjectures to rest did it become possible to use specific blood tests for diagnosis and, eventually, to provide antiviral drugs to improve immune defenses.

Sometimes a disease’s pathogenesis is surprising. As a medical student, I was taught that peptic ulcers were often caused by stress; treatments included bed rest and a soothing diet rich in milk. Anyone who had suggested that ulcers were the result of bacterial infection would have been thought crazy. The prevailing view was that no bacterium could thrive in the acidic environment of the stomach. But in 1982 two Australian researchers (who later won a Nobel Prize for their work) proposed that a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori was crucial to the onset of many peptic ulcers. Although the hypothesis was met with widespread scorn, experimental evidence gradually became conclusive. Now ulcers are routinely healed with antibiotics.

Continue reading


Can Machines be Authors?

a post by Daniel Gervais (Institute for Information Law (IViR) for the Kluwer Copyright Blog

Using newer forms of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including General Adversarial Networks (GANs), AI machines are increasingly good at emulating humans and laying siege to what has been a strictly human outpost: intellectual creativity. AI machines have composed polyphonic baroque music bearing the “style” of J.S. Bach. “Robot reporters” routinely write news bulletins and sports reports, a process called “automated journalism.” Machines write poems and draft contracts. A machine named e-David produces paintings using a complex visual optimization algorithm that “takes pictures with its camera and draws original paintings from these photographs.” Machines can even write or enhance their own code.

At this juncture, we cannot know with certainty how high on the creativity ladder machines will reach when compared to or measured against their human counterparts, but we do know this: They are far enough already to force us to ask a genuinely hard and complex question, one that intellectual property (IP) scholars and courts will need to answer soon, namely whether copyrights should be granted to productions made not by humans, but by machines. This question is the subject of my forthcoming article, the key points of which are discussed in this post.

Continue reading


Behold, firm evidence — at last — that ultra-processed food causes weight gain

a post by Richard Hoffman for the Big Think blog

Junk food causes weight gain, but it's not just about the calories.

We know we should eat less junk food, such as crisps, industrially made pizzas and sugar-sweetened drinks, because of their high calorie content.

These “ultra-processed" foods, as they are now called by nutritionists, are high in sugar and fat, but is that the only reason they cause weight gain? An important new trial from the U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH) shows there's a lot more at work here than calories alone.

Studies have already found an association between junk foods and weight gain, but this link has never been investigated with a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the gold standard of clinical studies.

Continue reading


Your internet data is rotting

an article by Paul Royster for The Conversation [with grateful thanks to ResearchBuzz: Firehose for this item]

Many MySpace users were dismayed to discover earlier this year that the social media platform lost 50 million files uploaded between 2003 and 2015.

The failure of MySpace to care for and preserve its users’ content should serve as a reminder that relying on free third-party services can be risky.

MySpace has probably preserved the users’ data; it just lost their content. The data was valuable to MySpace; the users’ content less so.

What happened to MySpace
MySpace is a social networking media site where performers could upload music or other content for access and distribution to its user community. It has always been a free site, with revenues coming from ads and programming that targets users for specific products.

Formed in 2003 in imitation of the social gaming site Friendster, MySpace grew rapidly and was purchased by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation in 2005. By 2008, MySpace was the leading social networking site, valued at one time at US$12 billion But it declined in popularity – thanks to an overprevalence of ads, concerns about exposure of minors to sexual content and other issues. In 2011, News Corporation sold MySpace to Specific Media, who sold it again in 2016 to Time Inc., which was in turn bought by the Meredith Corporation in 2018.

So the company went through three changes in ownership over a 12-year period, and saw revenues and membership drop precipitously over that time. One sale might be fine, but three sales over short term suggests to me a troubled business that was not in a good position to watch over others’ intellectual property.

Continue reading


Thursday 23 May 2019

Big brands like H&M, Adidas, Gap are entangled in China's brutal campaign against Uighur Muslim minority

a post by Xeni Jardin for the Boing Boing blog



“Officials have gathered up more than 4,000 residents over the past two years for deradicalization and textile-making courses.”

An important and difficult read in the Wall Street Journal today [16 May] about the Chinese government's indoctrination camps for the Muslim Uighur minority, and how those concentration camps provide essentially slave labor for factories that supply big Western brands like H&M, Adidas, Gap -- even Kraft Heinz, the ketchup makers.

Continue reading


Beyond employer engagement and skills supply: building conditions for partnership working and skills co-production in the English context

an article by Ann Hodgson, Ken Spours, David Smith and Julia Jeanes (UCL Institute of Education, London, UK) published in Journal of Education and Work Volume 32 Issue 1 (2019)

Abstract

Education providers and employers working together to prepare young people and adults for employment is internationally accepted as a key factor in effective technical and vocational education.

In the English context, however, we argue that two related orthodoxies have prevailed – ‘employer engagement’ and ‘skills supply’ – in which education providers have striven to gain employer involvement in their programmes and meet their skills needs. The effectiveness of these twin orthodoxies has been limited by the ‘New Low Skills Equilibrium’ (NLSE) involving a symbiosis of weaknesses on both the education and employer sides.

The article draws on findings of a two-year research and development programme in East London which explored the process of education-employer partnership working to support inclusive growth in key economic sectors.

The research suggested that this aim was best supported by processes of ‘co-production’ that actively involved both partners in attempting to address features of the NLSE. The research also pointed to constraining factors.

The article concludes by identifying the conditions required for the realisation of co-production approaches that include the development of new collaborative structures – High Progression and Skills Networks (HPSNs) – involving a wide range of social partners at the local and regional levels.

Hazel&rsquo's comment:
Reading this I experienced a déja vue moment and was transported back 30 years. Training and Enterprise Councils, working to bring together skill needs with the training to meet those needs.
Plus ça change etc.



Housing, growth and infrastructure: Supporting the delivery of new homes in the Sheffield City Region, UK

an article by Garreth Bruff and Felix Kumi-Ampofo (Sheffield City Region, UK) published in Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit Volume 34 Issue 2 (March 2019)

Abstract

Set against a background of failing housing markets and years of austerity, with spending cuts to many of the public services traditionally involved in housing, the UK Government’s ambition to deliver 300,000 new homes a year was always going to be a challenge.

At the same time however, a programme of devolution to city regional bodies across England has provided the opportunity to test new approaches to support housing growth, with the potential for innovation and more tailored interventions designed around the needs of a specific place.

This paper uses experience in the Sheffield City Region to illustrate the challenges and opportunities for housing growth in one part of the country as well as the interventions being developed to address these. The paper sets out some of the geographic and economic factors shaping the housing sector in the city region, and the role that housing growth has come to play in the wider economic ambitions for the area.

It then describes some of the plans and programmes being developed to encourage the development of new homes and the success of a pilot Housing Fund could have in overcoming problems where national programmes have failed.


A word-frequency-preserving steganographic method based on synonym substitution

an article by Lingyun Xiang Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Processing of Big Data on Transportation, China; Changsha University of Science and Technology, Hunan Province, China) and Xiao Yang, Jiahe Zhang and Weizheng Wang (Changsha University of Science and Technology, Hunan Province, China) published in International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering Volume 19 Number 1 (May 2019)

Abstract

Text steganography is a widely used technique to protect communication privacy yet it suffers from a variety challenges.

One of these challenge is synonym substitution-based method, which may change the statistical characteristics of the content. For example, the word frequency may be changed, which may be easily detected by steganalysis. In order to overcome this disadvantage, this paper proposes a synonym substitution-based steganographic method taking the word frequency into account.

This method dynamically divides the synonyms appearing in the text into groups, and substitutes some synonyms to alter the positions of the relative low frequency synonyms in each group to encode the secret information. By maintaining the number of relative low frequency synonyms across the substitutions, it preserves some characteristics of the synonyms with various frequencies in the stego and the original cover texts.

The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method can effectively resist the attack from the detection using relative frequency analysis of synonyms.

Hazel’s comment:
This is one of those articles which I find fascinating even when I don’t understand entirely what it is about!!



5 Tips for Dealing with Guilt

a post by John M Grohol for the World of Psychology blog



Guilt has an incredible way of popping up even when we’re barely doing anything at all.

Most of us learn guilt throughout normal childhood development. Guilt clues us in when we’ve stepped outside the boundaries of our core values. It makes us take responsibility when we’ve done something wrong and helps us to develop a greater sense of self-awareness. The feeling of guilt forces us to examine how our behavior affects others and make changes so that we don’t make the same mistake again.

How can we learn to deal with guilt — accepting it when it is appropriate and letting it go when it’s unnecessary?

Continue reading




Globalisation and state capitalism: Assessing the effects of Vietnam’s WTO entry

a column by Leonardo Baccini, Giammario Impullitti and Edmund Malesky for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

The recent success of China and Vietnam over the past three decades has triggered a debate over ‘state capitalism’ as a viable growth and development model.

This column studies the effect of the 2007 WTO accession on the productivity, profitability, and survival rates of state-owned and private Vietnamese firms. The findings reveal that state-owned enterprises have hampered the efficiency gains brought about by globalisation.

An analysis suggests that productivity gains from trade five years after WTO entry might have been 66% higher in the absence of state-owned firms.

Continue reading





To Do What You Really Want to Do, You Need to Befriend your Inner Critic

a post by Kamsin Kaneko for the Tiny Buddha blog


“Our ‘inside critics’ have intimate knowledge of us and can zero in on our weakest spots.” ~SARK

We live in a world that often glorifies the power of positive thinking and affirmations.

Don’t get me wrong, affirmations can be a powerful tool to help us acknowledge our self-worth. We need to learn to look for the positive and to be grateful for all the beautiful things in our lives if we want to be happy. Befriending your inner critic may seem to be in contradiction to these goals.

A couple of years ago I began to pursue the creative life I had always dreamed about. I wanted to be happy and change the circumstances that weren’t bringing me joy. I had always wanted to be a writer, but I struggled with blocks on every level. Every book and blog I read seemed to agree that I needed to practice gratitude. They offered affirmations to help me get unstuck. But it didn’t seem to work.

I struggled to be grateful. I couldn’t bring myself to believe the things I wanted to affirm in my life. My inner critic had long been in control of my thought patterns; trying to ignore the negativity seemed only to make it louder and more insistent.

Continue reading


Wednesday 22 May 2019

Challenge and hindrance demands in relation to self‐reported job performance and the role of restoration, sleep quality, and affective rumination

an article by Michelle Van Laethem (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Debby G. J. Beckers (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands), Jessica de Bloom (University of Tampere, Finland; University of Groningen, The Netherlands) and Marjaana Sianoja and Ulla Kinnunen (University of Tampere, Finland) published in Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology Volume 92 Issue 2 (June 2019)

Abstract

Longitudinal research on the relationship between job demands and job performance and its underlying mechanisms is scarce.

The aims of this longitudinal three‐wave study among 920 Finnish employees were to ascertain whether

  1. challenge job demands (i.e., workload, cognitive demands) and self‐reported job performance are positively related over time,
  2. job insecurity (i.e., a hindrance demand) and job performance are negatively related over time,
  3. restorative experiences during off‐job time and sleep quality are underlying mechanisms in these relations, and
  4. affective rumination mediates the proposed relations of job demands and job insecurity with restoration and sleep quality.

Self‐report data were analysed with structural equation modelling. The results revealed a positive, temporal relationship between challenge job demands and job performance (task and contextual performance) across 1 year, but no temporal relationship between job insecurity and self‐reported job performance.

Moreover, high challenge job demands were positively related to the restorative value of off‐job activities, and favourable restoration was positively related to subsequent task performance.

Finally, affective rumination mediated the relationship of challenge job demands with both restoration and sleep quality. Job insecurity was not longitudinally related to restoration, sleep quality, or affective rumination. The implications of our findings for occupational health psychology are discussed.

Practitioner points

  • Provide employees with sufficient job resources (e.g., high autonomy and social support) to adequately deal with high job demands.
  • Allow employees sufficient time to recover from high job demands during off‐job time and provide training sessions in recovery, relaxation, meditation, and goal setting.
  • Employees may attempt to counteract perseverative thoughts by actively pursuing distracting restoration activities (e.g., exercise, meditation).

Full text (PDF 30pp)


‘At Least You Don’t Have…’ How to Be Supportive of Someone with Chronic Illness

a post by Edie Weinstein for the World of Psychology blog



I was speaking with someone recently who has a series of chronic and painful conditions; some of which are noticeable and some ‘invisible’. What is particularly distressful is that people sometimes say to her, “At least you don’t have cancer.” How dismissive is that? I know they are trying to help her feel better about what she does have and perhaps even attempt to minimize the impact, but it is not compassionate or helpful.

There are diagnoses such as fibromyalgia, lupus, diabetes, arthritis or neuropathy which some people have to navigate. It might mean taking naps on an as-needed basis, engaging in pain management protocols, delegating tasks, re-negotiating agreements and, in extreme cases, making major lifestyle changes such as applying for disability or hiring at-home help.

A smiling face may mask severe pain that the person has learned to accommodate. This woman I referenced above still holds down a job and raises her children with her husband. In between those responsibilities, her calendar is filled with healthcare appointments. It has become her ‘new normal’ for the past 10 or so years.

Continue reading