an article by Boris Popivanov (Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria / New Europe Centre for Regional Studies, Bulgaria) and Siyka Kovacheva (New Europe Centre for Regional Studies, Bulgaria / Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, Bulgaria) published in Social Inclusion Volume 7 Number 4 (2019)
Abstract
The European mobility processes raise the issue of the integration strategies of new European migrants in their host societies.
Taking stock of 154 in-depth interviews with migrants in the UK, Germany, Italy and Spain, we examine the social ties which they mobilise in order to adapt in a different social environment.
The division between ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ ties established in the literature is particularly useful to assess migrants’ experiences in appropriation and transformation of social capital and the variety of their pathways in the labour market.
Then we critically study the relative weight of social ties and skill levels in their choice of integration strategies.
At the end, four types of strategies corresponding to the types of migrants’ interactions with the home and host contexts are outlined.
Full text (PDF 11pp)
Showing posts with label social_capital. Show all posts
Showing posts with label social_capital. Show all posts
Tuesday, 19 November 2019
Monday, 7 October 2019
Social capital and subjective well-being: The mediating role of social networking sites
an article by Li-Ann Hwang, Jason Wei Jian Ng and Santha Vaithilingam (Monash University Malaysia) published in First Monday Volume 24 Number 10 (October 2019)
Abstract
Many studies have examined the separate impacts of social capital (bonding and bridging) and the use of social networking sites (SNSs) on subjective well-being (SWB). However, few studies address the mediating role that SNS use has on the relationship between social capital and SWB.
The current study addresses this research gap, examining the extent to which SNS use mediates the relationship between social capital and SWB. Moreover, this study theorizes SNS use to be a behavioural outcome of social capital, as opposed to the widespread view that SNSs are a tool to generate social capital.
Using primary data from a sample of 307 undergraduate students, the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was used to analyze the data via a sequential mediating mechanism.
The findings highlight the importance of the utilitarian use of SNS in mediating the relationship between bridging social capital and SWB. On the other hand, the direct effect of bonding social capital on SWB was found to be stronger than the indirect effects, indicating that SNS use is not crucial in mediating this particular relationship.
Theoretical and practical implications of the study are subsequently discussed.
Full text (HTML)
Abstract
Many studies have examined the separate impacts of social capital (bonding and bridging) and the use of social networking sites (SNSs) on subjective well-being (SWB). However, few studies address the mediating role that SNS use has on the relationship between social capital and SWB.
The current study addresses this research gap, examining the extent to which SNS use mediates the relationship between social capital and SWB. Moreover, this study theorizes SNS use to be a behavioural outcome of social capital, as opposed to the widespread view that SNSs are a tool to generate social capital.
Using primary data from a sample of 307 undergraduate students, the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was used to analyze the data via a sequential mediating mechanism.
The findings highlight the importance of the utilitarian use of SNS in mediating the relationship between bridging social capital and SWB. On the other hand, the direct effect of bonding social capital on SWB was found to be stronger than the indirect effects, indicating that SNS use is not crucial in mediating this particular relationship.
Theoretical and practical implications of the study are subsequently discussed.
Full text (HTML)
Wednesday, 5 June 2019
Coming Together to Punish Others: Social Capital, Racial Context, and Social Control
an article by Daniel P. Hawes (Kent State University, Ohio, USA) published in Social Science Quarterly Volume 100 Issue 4 (June 2019)
Abstract
Objectives
The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between social capital and the use of social controls in public policy.
Social capital is strongly correlated with a wide range of positive societal outcomes across many policy domains. However, others have cautioned that the benefits of social capital are not uniformly distributed to all members of society and that there may even be negative effects of social capital.
This article posits that communities with higher levels of social capital will be more punitive toward those who break society's “norms of reciprocity.” This tendency for social capital to reinforce social controls will be particularly strong for groups within society that are considered “others” by the dominant group. Thus, as racial and ethnic diversity increases, punitive (and targeted) social controls are likely to increase.
Methods
The analysis uses state‐level panel data from 1986–2009 to examine the effect of social capital on public policies relating to social control within criminal justice policy, and how this relationship is conditioned by minority group size.
Results
The empirical analysis finds that states with higher levels of social capital tend to have more punitive criminal justice and drug enforcement policies and outcomes but only when there is a significant black population.
Conclusions
These findings support the hypothesis that the effects of social capital are conditioned by racial context.
Abstract
Objectives
The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between social capital and the use of social controls in public policy.
Social capital is strongly correlated with a wide range of positive societal outcomes across many policy domains. However, others have cautioned that the benefits of social capital are not uniformly distributed to all members of society and that there may even be negative effects of social capital.
This article posits that communities with higher levels of social capital will be more punitive toward those who break society's “norms of reciprocity.” This tendency for social capital to reinforce social controls will be particularly strong for groups within society that are considered “others” by the dominant group. Thus, as racial and ethnic diversity increases, punitive (and targeted) social controls are likely to increase.
Methods
The analysis uses state‐level panel data from 1986–2009 to examine the effect of social capital on public policies relating to social control within criminal justice policy, and how this relationship is conditioned by minority group size.
Results
The empirical analysis finds that states with higher levels of social capital tend to have more punitive criminal justice and drug enforcement policies and outcomes but only when there is a significant black population.
Conclusions
These findings support the hypothesis that the effects of social capital are conditioned by racial context.
Thursday, 30 May 2019
Social networks, accessed and mobilised social capital and the employment status of older workers: A case study
an artticle by Kaberi Gayen (Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Dhaka University, Bangladesh), Robert Raeside (Edinburgh Business School, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK) and Ronald McQuaid (Department of Management Work and Organisation, University of Stirling, UK) published in International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy Volume 39 Issue 5/6 (2019)
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of social networks, and the social capital embedded in them, to secure employment if someone had become unemployed after the age of 50 years and to reveal the process of accessing and mobilising that social capital.
Design/methodology/approach
A case study of a Scottish labour market was undertaken which involved an interview-based survey of those who became unemployed in their early 50’s and tried to regain employment. The interview had structured and unstructured parts which allowed both quantitative and qualitative analysis to compare those who were successful in regaining work with those who were not. The uniqueness of the paper is the use of social network components while controlling for other socio-economic and demographic variables in job search of older workers.
Findings
Those older people who were unemployed and, returned to employment (reemployed) had a higher proportion of contacts with higher prestige jobs, their job searching methods were mainly interpersonal and the rate of finding their last job via their social networks was higher than those who remained unemployed. Both groups mobilised social capital (MSC), but those reemployed accessed higher “quality” social capital. “Strong ties”, rather than “weak ties”, were found to be important in accessing and mobilising social capital for the older workers who returned to employment.
Research limitations/implications
This work is limited to a local labour market and is based on a small but informative sample. However, it does show that policy is required to allow older people to enhance their social networks by strengthening the social capital embedded in the networks. The results support the use of intermediaries as bridges to help compensate for older people who have weak social networks. Besides the policy implications, the paper also has two distinct research implications. First, the use of social network component to the existing literature of older workers’ job search. Second, exploring the type and relational strength with network members to explain older workers’ reemployment.
Practical implications
The paper illustrates that how accessed and MSC can be measured.
Social implications
As populations age, this work points to an approach to support older people to re-enter employment and to include them in society.
Originality/value
The paper extends social network and employment literature to fill gaps on how older people require to both access and mobilise social capital. The importance of “strong ties” in the reemployment of older workers contrasts with much of the literature on younger workers where the “strength of weak ties” so far has been regarded as essential for successful job search. Measures are forwarded to reveal the relevance of social capital. The policy value of the work is in suggesting ways to facilitate older people re-enter or remain in work and hence sustain their well-being.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of social networks, and the social capital embedded in them, to secure employment if someone had become unemployed after the age of 50 years and to reveal the process of accessing and mobilising that social capital.
Design/methodology/approach
A case study of a Scottish labour market was undertaken which involved an interview-based survey of those who became unemployed in their early 50’s and tried to regain employment. The interview had structured and unstructured parts which allowed both quantitative and qualitative analysis to compare those who were successful in regaining work with those who were not. The uniqueness of the paper is the use of social network components while controlling for other socio-economic and demographic variables in job search of older workers.
Findings
Those older people who were unemployed and, returned to employment (reemployed) had a higher proportion of contacts with higher prestige jobs, their job searching methods were mainly interpersonal and the rate of finding their last job via their social networks was higher than those who remained unemployed. Both groups mobilised social capital (MSC), but those reemployed accessed higher “quality” social capital. “Strong ties”, rather than “weak ties”, were found to be important in accessing and mobilising social capital for the older workers who returned to employment.
Research limitations/implications
This work is limited to a local labour market and is based on a small but informative sample. However, it does show that policy is required to allow older people to enhance their social networks by strengthening the social capital embedded in the networks. The results support the use of intermediaries as bridges to help compensate for older people who have weak social networks. Besides the policy implications, the paper also has two distinct research implications. First, the use of social network component to the existing literature of older workers’ job search. Second, exploring the type and relational strength with network members to explain older workers’ reemployment.
Practical implications
The paper illustrates that how accessed and MSC can be measured.
Social implications
As populations age, this work points to an approach to support older people to re-enter employment and to include them in society.
Originality/value
The paper extends social network and employment literature to fill gaps on how older people require to both access and mobilise social capital. The importance of “strong ties” in the reemployment of older workers contrasts with much of the literature on younger workers where the “strength of weak ties” so far has been regarded as essential for successful job search. Measures are forwarded to reveal the relevance of social capital. The policy value of the work is in suggesting ways to facilitate older people re-enter or remain in work and hence sustain their well-being.
Sunday, 17 December 2017
Passion or people? Social capital and career sustainability in arts management
an article by Julia Richardson (Curtin University, Perth, Australia), Uma Jogulu (Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia) and Ruth Rentschler (University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia) published in Personnel Review Volume 46 Issue 8 (November 2017)
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of social capital for career success and sustainability among arts managers and the implication for human resource practice.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a qualitative study comprising interviews with 73 arts managers in Australia.
Findings
While answering an occupational calling and having a sense of passion for the arts is a key driver to embark upon a career in arts management, it is social capital that is essential for both objective and subjective career success and thus for career sustainability. The authors also identify the value of education, global experience and well-honed soft skills for building social capital.
Research limitations/implications
The study is located in Australia – arts management in other national contexts and industries may be different.
Practical implications
This paper identifies the need for arts managers to develop heterogeneous social capital to support both career success and sustainability. It also indicates that whereas passion for the arts may be an important driver, other skills and competencies are required. Both of these themes need to be incorporated into human resource practice in the arts industry.
Social implications
This paper demonstrates the growing need to acknowledge the impact of relational social capital in the arts in an increasingly volatile work environment.
Originality/value
This paper fills the gap in our understanding of careers that bridge both the arts and management as professional domains of activity and extends understanding on the role of social capital in management careers more generally.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of social capital for career success and sustainability among arts managers and the implication for human resource practice.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a qualitative study comprising interviews with 73 arts managers in Australia.
Findings
While answering an occupational calling and having a sense of passion for the arts is a key driver to embark upon a career in arts management, it is social capital that is essential for both objective and subjective career success and thus for career sustainability. The authors also identify the value of education, global experience and well-honed soft skills for building social capital.
Research limitations/implications
The study is located in Australia – arts management in other national contexts and industries may be different.
Practical implications
This paper identifies the need for arts managers to develop heterogeneous social capital to support both career success and sustainability. It also indicates that whereas passion for the arts may be an important driver, other skills and competencies are required. Both of these themes need to be incorporated into human resource practice in the arts industry.
Social implications
This paper demonstrates the growing need to acknowledge the impact of relational social capital in the arts in an increasingly volatile work environment.
Originality/value
This paper fills the gap in our understanding of careers that bridge both the arts and management as professional domains of activity and extends understanding on the role of social capital in management careers more generally.
Wednesday, 8 March 2017
What makes users share content on Facebook? Compatibility among psychological incentive, social capital focus, and content type
an article by Pei-Wen Fu, Chi-Cheng Wu and Yung-Jan Cho (National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung Taiwan published in Computers in Human Behavior Volume 67 (February 2017)
Highlights
Even though a large amount of content is shared on Facebook, what makes Facebook users share content has not been thoroughly addressed in previous studies.
Rather than treating Facebook as just another online social media, this study focused on Facebook users’ psychological incentives for content sharing and examined how users’ social capital focus and content types influenced the effect of incentives.
Using both qualitative (focus group interview) and quantitative (online survey) methods, we obtained several findings. Both self-interest and communal incentive could drive Facebook users’ content-sharing intention, but their effects depended on the content types.
Further, the effects of self-interest incentives were found only among the users who focus on their close friends (bonding-focus), but not among those who focus on the distant friends (bridging-focus). Brand marketers can utilize these results to post content on Facebook effectively.
Highlights
- Psychological incentives influence message sharing intention in social network.
- Communal incentive motivates sharing of lifestyle affairs and personal opinions.
- Self-interest incentive helps to spread commercial messages and lifestyle affairs.
- Focus on bridging social capital might inhibit self-interest incentive.
- Messages designed with compatible incentives and focuses would propagate faster.
Even though a large amount of content is shared on Facebook, what makes Facebook users share content has not been thoroughly addressed in previous studies.
Rather than treating Facebook as just another online social media, this study focused on Facebook users’ psychological incentives for content sharing and examined how users’ social capital focus and content types influenced the effect of incentives.
Using both qualitative (focus group interview) and quantitative (online survey) methods, we obtained several findings. Both self-interest and communal incentive could drive Facebook users’ content-sharing intention, but their effects depended on the content types.
Further, the effects of self-interest incentives were found only among the users who focus on their close friends (bonding-focus), but not among those who focus on the distant friends (bridging-focus). Brand marketers can utilize these results to post content on Facebook effectively.
Tuesday, 22 November 2016
The influence of personality traits and social networks on the self-disclosure behavior of social network site users
an article by Xi Chen, Yin Pan and Bin Guo (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China) published in Internet Research Volume 26 Issue 3 (2016)
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence and interaction of social networks and personality traits on the self-disclosure behavior of social network site (SNS) users. According to social capital theory and the Big Five personality model, the authors hypothesized that social capital factors would affect the accuracy and amount of self-disclosure behavior and that personality traits would moderate this effect.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted to collect data from 207 SNS users. The questionnaire was administered in university classrooms and libraries and via e-mail. The measurement model and structural model were examined by using LISREL 8.8 and SmartPLS 2.0.
Findings
Based on the path analysis, the authors identified several interesting patterns to explain self-disclosure behavior on SNSs. First, the centrality of SNS users has a positive effect on their amount of self-disclosure. Moreover, people who are more extroverted disclose personal information that is more accurate with the level of the cognitive dimension held constant and disclose a greater amount of personal information with the level of the structural dimension held constant. From a practical perspective, the results may provide useful insight for companies operating SNSs.
Originality/value
This study analyzed the influence of social capital factors on SNS users’ self-disclosure, as well as the interactions between personality and social capital factors. Specifically, the authors examined six important variables of social capital divided into three dimensions. This research complements current research on SNSs by focusing on SNS users’ motivation to disclose self-related information in addition to information sharing.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence and interaction of social networks and personality traits on the self-disclosure behavior of social network site (SNS) users. According to social capital theory and the Big Five personality model, the authors hypothesized that social capital factors would affect the accuracy and amount of self-disclosure behavior and that personality traits would moderate this effect.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted to collect data from 207 SNS users. The questionnaire was administered in university classrooms and libraries and via e-mail. The measurement model and structural model were examined by using LISREL 8.8 and SmartPLS 2.0.
Findings
Based on the path analysis, the authors identified several interesting patterns to explain self-disclosure behavior on SNSs. First, the centrality of SNS users has a positive effect on their amount of self-disclosure. Moreover, people who are more extroverted disclose personal information that is more accurate with the level of the cognitive dimension held constant and disclose a greater amount of personal information with the level of the structural dimension held constant. From a practical perspective, the results may provide useful insight for companies operating SNSs.
Originality/value
This study analyzed the influence of social capital factors on SNS users’ self-disclosure, as well as the interactions between personality and social capital factors. Specifically, the authors examined six important variables of social capital divided into three dimensions. This research complements current research on SNSs by focusing on SNS users’ motivation to disclose self-related information in addition to information sharing.
Friday, 19 August 2016
Rural and remote communities, technology and mental health recovery
an article by
Oliver K. Burmeister (Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia) and Edwina Marks (Barkly Regional Council, Tennant Creek, Australia)
published in Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society Volume 14 Issue 2 (2016)
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore how health informatics can underpin the successful delivery of recovery-orientated healthcare, in rural and remote regions, to achieve better mental health outcomes. Recovery is an extremely social process that involves being with others and reconnecting with the world.
Design/methodology/approach
An interpretivist study involving 27 clinicians and 13 clients sought to determine how future expenditure on ehealth could improve mental health treatment and service provision in the western Murray Darling Basin of New South Wales, Australia.
Findings
Through the use of targeted ehealth strategies, it is possible to increase both the accessibility of information and the quality of service provision. In small communities, the challenges of distance, access to healthcare and the ease of isolating oneself are best overcome through a combination of technology and communal social responsibility. Technology supplements but cannot completely replace face-to-face interaction in the mental health recovery process.
Originality/value
The recovery model provides a conceptual framework for health informatics in rural and remote regions that is socially responsible. Service providers can affect better recovery for clients through infrastructure that enables timely and responsive remote access whilst driving between appointments. This could include interactive referral services, telehealth access to specialist clinicians, GPS for locating clients in remote areas and mobile coverage for counselling sessions in “real time”. Thus, the technology not only provides better connections but also adds to the responsiveness (and success) of any treatment available.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore how health informatics can underpin the successful delivery of recovery-orientated healthcare, in rural and remote regions, to achieve better mental health outcomes. Recovery is an extremely social process that involves being with others and reconnecting with the world.
Design/methodology/approach
An interpretivist study involving 27 clinicians and 13 clients sought to determine how future expenditure on ehealth could improve mental health treatment and service provision in the western Murray Darling Basin of New South Wales, Australia.
Findings
Through the use of targeted ehealth strategies, it is possible to increase both the accessibility of information and the quality of service provision. In small communities, the challenges of distance, access to healthcare and the ease of isolating oneself are best overcome through a combination of technology and communal social responsibility. Technology supplements but cannot completely replace face-to-face interaction in the mental health recovery process.
Originality/value
The recovery model provides a conceptual framework for health informatics in rural and remote regions that is socially responsible. Service providers can affect better recovery for clients through infrastructure that enables timely and responsive remote access whilst driving between appointments. This could include interactive referral services, telehealth access to specialist clinicians, GPS for locating clients in remote areas and mobile coverage for counselling sessions in “real time”. Thus, the technology not only provides better connections but also adds to the responsiveness (and success) of any treatment available.
Wednesday, 29 July 2015
A change in the climate: Online social capital and the spiral of silence
an article by Kim Sheehan (University of Oregon, USA) published in First Monday Volume 20 Number 5 (May 2015)
Abstract
This study explores the connection between online social capital and the Spiral of Silence.
Online social capital is an individual’s network of social connections, a network that enables and encourages social cooperation. The Spiral of Silence theory suggests that an opinion can become dominant if those who perceive their opinion to be in the minority do not speak up because society threatens them with isolation.
A study of 550 individuals explored their willingness to speak up on an issue, and assessed whether they thought they held a majority or a minority opinion. This study compared both their bonding social capital (via homogeneous networks) and bridging social capital (via heterogeneous networks) to their willingness to speak up and their perceptions of whether others held their opinions.
Regression analyses shows that bridging social capital is a key influencer in people’s willingness to speak up in social media and other online venues.
Full Text: HTML
Abstract
This study explores the connection between online social capital and the Spiral of Silence.
Online social capital is an individual’s network of social connections, a network that enables and encourages social cooperation. The Spiral of Silence theory suggests that an opinion can become dominant if those who perceive their opinion to be in the minority do not speak up because society threatens them with isolation.
A study of 550 individuals explored their willingness to speak up on an issue, and assessed whether they thought they held a majority or a minority opinion. This study compared both their bonding social capital (via homogeneous networks) and bridging social capital (via heterogeneous networks) to their willingness to speak up and their perceptions of whether others held their opinions.
Regression analyses shows that bridging social capital is a key influencer in people’s willingness to speak up in social media and other online venues.
Full Text: HTML
Saturday, 31 January 2015
Refugees, Social Capital, and Labour Market Integration in the UK
an article by Sin Yi Cheung (Cardiff University) and Jenny Phillimore (University of Birmingham) published in Sociology Volume 48 Number 3 (June 2014)
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between social capital and labour market integration of new refugees in the UK using the Survey of New Refugees (SNR).
Our findings suggest that length of residency and language competency broaden one’s social networks. Contacts with religious and co-national groups bring help with employment and housing. The mere possession of networks is not enough to enhance access to employment.
However, the absence of social networks does appear to have a detrimental effect on access to work. The type of social capital appears to have no significant impact on the permanency or quality of employment. Rather, language competency, pre-migration qualifications and occupations, and time in the UK are most important in accessing work.
Our findings also have clear implications for both asylum and integration policy. The unequivocal importance of language ability for accessing employment points to a clear policy priority in improving competency.
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between social capital and labour market integration of new refugees in the UK using the Survey of New Refugees (SNR).
Our findings suggest that length of residency and language competency broaden one’s social networks. Contacts with religious and co-national groups bring help with employment and housing. The mere possession of networks is not enough to enhance access to employment.
However, the absence of social networks does appear to have a detrimental effect on access to work. The type of social capital appears to have no significant impact on the permanency or quality of employment. Rather, language competency, pre-migration qualifications and occupations, and time in the UK are most important in accessing work.
Our findings also have clear implications for both asylum and integration policy. The unequivocal importance of language ability for accessing employment points to a clear policy priority in improving competency.
Wednesday, 29 May 2013
Shifting sands: Regional perspectives on the role of social capital in supporting open innovation through knowledge transfer and exchange with small and medium-sized enterprises
an article by Antonio Padilla-Meléndez and Ana R. Del Aguila-Obra (University of Malaga, Spain) and Nigel Lockett (University of Leeds, UK) published in International Small Business Journal Volume 31 Number 3 (May 2013)
Abstract
This article explores the role of social capital in enabling knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) between higher education institutions (HEIs) and spin-off (academic and non-academic) small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of open innovation, in order to convert knowledge into innovation within regional innovation systems. It presents the findings from 18 in-depth interviews with related stakeholders, and social network analysis of relationships in an exemplar technology park in AndalucÃa, southern Spain.
The main findings suggest that there are many challenges to achieving successful KTE in regional innovation systems: recognition, intellectual property contracts and timescales.
Similarly, there are opportunities related to intermediaries, joint teams and market impact. Significantly, the study highlights the importance of both formal and informal relationships as enablers of successful KTE involving HEIs and spin-off small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of open innovation.
Abstract
This article explores the role of social capital in enabling knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) between higher education institutions (HEIs) and spin-off (academic and non-academic) small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of open innovation, in order to convert knowledge into innovation within regional innovation systems. It presents the findings from 18 in-depth interviews with related stakeholders, and social network analysis of relationships in an exemplar technology park in AndalucÃa, southern Spain.
The main findings suggest that there are many challenges to achieving successful KTE in regional innovation systems: recognition, intellectual property contracts and timescales.
Similarly, there are opportunities related to intermediaries, joint teams and market impact. Significantly, the study highlights the importance of both formal and informal relationships as enablers of successful KTE involving HEIs and spin-off small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of open innovation.
Wednesday, 1 May 2013
The labour market experiences and strategies of young undocumented migrants
an article by Alice Bloch (University of Manchester, UK) published in Work Employment & Society Volume 27 Number 2 (April 2013)
Abstract
The article draws on data from in-depth interviews and testimonies with 75 young undocumented migrants from Brazil, China, Kurds from Turkey, Ukraine and Zimbabwe living in England.
The article provides a detailed qualitative understanding of the working lives and decision making of undocumented migrants, a group about which little is known. Sectors of employment and working conditions are explored alongside job-seeking strategies and the role of and use of social capital in job seeking.
Variations in employment experiences between undocumented migrants, particularly in relation to work within or outside of the ethnic enclave, are evident from the data.
Moreover, the role of narrow, usually co-ethnic and often undocumented, social networks in finding work and the intersections between job-seeking strategies and being undocumented is clear throughout the narratives.
Abstract
The article draws on data from in-depth interviews and testimonies with 75 young undocumented migrants from Brazil, China, Kurds from Turkey, Ukraine and Zimbabwe living in England.
The article provides a detailed qualitative understanding of the working lives and decision making of undocumented migrants, a group about which little is known. Sectors of employment and working conditions are explored alongside job-seeking strategies and the role of and use of social capital in job seeking.
Variations in employment experiences between undocumented migrants, particularly in relation to work within or outside of the ethnic enclave, are evident from the data.
Moreover, the role of narrow, usually co-ethnic and often undocumented, social networks in finding work and the intersections between job-seeking strategies and being undocumented is clear throughout the narratives.
Tuesday, 26 February 2013
The role of social networks in knowledge creation
an article by Julia Nieves and Javier Osorio (University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain) published in Knowledge Management Research & Practice Volume 11 Number 1 (February 2013)
Abstract
It is a basic principle of literature that social networks allow their members to access new knowledge.
The exchange and combination of knowledge that these networks provide is widely recognised as an antecedent of knowledge creation. By reviewing the main contributions of literature that link social networks to knowledge creation and innovation, we intend to explore how different types of networks, as well as the different dimensions of their social capital, influence innovative performance.
An exhaustive coverage of prior literature has been carried out in order to locate all the relevant previous work. The analysis shows up the complex relationship between social networks’ diverse facets and their members’ capacity to create knowledge.
The strategies defined for knowledge searching can condition which is the most appropriate type of network. In turn, the type of network can determine the most suitable structural and relational embeddedness. Hence, the decision to participate in social networks requires taking into consideration the different environments of these networks and also the singular aspects they present.
Abstract
It is a basic principle of literature that social networks allow their members to access new knowledge.
The exchange and combination of knowledge that these networks provide is widely recognised as an antecedent of knowledge creation. By reviewing the main contributions of literature that link social networks to knowledge creation and innovation, we intend to explore how different types of networks, as well as the different dimensions of their social capital, influence innovative performance.
An exhaustive coverage of prior literature has been carried out in order to locate all the relevant previous work. The analysis shows up the complex relationship between social networks’ diverse facets and their members’ capacity to create knowledge.
The strategies defined for knowledge searching can condition which is the most appropriate type of network. In turn, the type of network can determine the most suitable structural and relational embeddedness. Hence, the decision to participate in social networks requires taking into consideration the different environments of these networks and also the singular aspects they present.
Monday, 26 November 2012
The social experience of physically disabled Australian university students
an article by Maria Papasotiriou and Joel Windle (Monash University, Victoria, Australia) published in Disability & Society Volume 27 Issue 7 (December 2012)
Abstract
Research on the university experience of disabled students has focused on barriers in learning and teaching, while the social world of university has as yet gained little attention as a distinctive object of study.
Here we examine social experience and socially imposed restrictions through the lenses of social capital and self-concept. A qualitative study investigated the formation of social capital and changes in self-concept amongst physically disabled Australian university students.
Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using a grounded theory approach.
The study found weak social attachments at university, but stronger attachments outside. Self-concept did not appear to be structured in any direct way by university-generated social capital, partly as a consequence of its weakness.
Thursday, 12 July 2012
Social Networking Sites: Their Users and Social Implications – A Longitudinal Study
an article by Petter Bae Brandtzæg (University of Oslo) published in Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication Volume 17 Issue 4 (July 2012)
Abstract
The rapid adoption of social networking sites (SNSs) raises important questions about the social implications of such usage.
Drawing on unique longitudinal data, surveying a representative sample of Norwegian online users (N = 2,000, age 15–75 years) in 3 annual waves (2008, 2009, and 2010), this study found a significantly higher score among SNS users in comparison to nonusers in 3 out of 4 social capital dimensions:
face-to-face interactions,
number of acquaintances, and
bridging capital.
However, SNS-users, and in particular males, reported more loneliness than nonusers. Furthermore, cluster analyses identified 5 distinct types of SNS users:
Sporadics,
Lurkers,
Socializers,
Debaters, and
Advanced.
Results indicate that Socializers report higher levels of social capital compared to other user types.
Full text (PDF 22pp)
Hazel’ comment:
And the purpose of this item is? Job seekers are frequently urged to make use of networks and this increasingly is going to mean online networks. It would, therefore, behove careers and employment advisers to learn about the online networking scene in order to advise their clients about the which, what and how.
Abstract
The rapid adoption of social networking sites (SNSs) raises important questions about the social implications of such usage.
Drawing on unique longitudinal data, surveying a representative sample of Norwegian online users (N = 2,000, age 15–75 years) in 3 annual waves (2008, 2009, and 2010), this study found a significantly higher score among SNS users in comparison to nonusers in 3 out of 4 social capital dimensions:
face-to-face interactions,
number of acquaintances, and
bridging capital.
However, SNS-users, and in particular males, reported more loneliness than nonusers. Furthermore, cluster analyses identified 5 distinct types of SNS users:
Sporadics,
Lurkers,
Socializers,
Debaters, and
Advanced.
Results indicate that Socializers report higher levels of social capital compared to other user types.
Full text (PDF 22pp)
Hazel’ comment:
And the purpose of this item is? Job seekers are frequently urged to make use of networks and this increasingly is going to mean online networks. It would, therefore, behove careers and employment advisers to learn about the online networking scene in order to advise their clients about the which, what and how.
Friday, 8 June 2012
Social Capital and Union Revitalization: A Study of Worker Networks in the UK Audio-Visual Industries
an article by Richard Saundry (University of Central Lancashire), Mark Stuart (Leeds University Business School) and Valerie Antcliff (University of Liverpool) published in British Journal of Industrial Relations Volume 50 Issue 2 (June 2012)
Abstract
This article examines Jarley’s contention that trade union revitalization is conditional upon the generation of social capital through the systematic creation of networks.
It draws on a qualitative study of freelance workers in the UK audio-visual industry to consider two propositions.
The first, that ‘social capital within networks is forged on “bonds” that are conducive to trade union identity’ was not sustained by the data, which instead suggested that social capital is more likely to be generated by networks outside trade union structures.
However, the data did support the second proposition that ‘trade unions can harness social capital in order to achieve concrete industrial relations outcomes’ by linking networks to reservoirs of expertise and influence.
Abstract
This article examines Jarley’s contention that trade union revitalization is conditional upon the generation of social capital through the systematic creation of networks.
It draws on a qualitative study of freelance workers in the UK audio-visual industry to consider two propositions.
The first, that ‘social capital within networks is forged on “bonds” that are conducive to trade union identity’ was not sustained by the data, which instead suggested that social capital is more likely to be generated by networks outside trade union structures.
However, the data did support the second proposition that ‘trade unions can harness social capital in order to achieve concrete industrial relations outcomes’ by linking networks to reservoirs of expertise and influence.
Thursday, 7 June 2012
The university role in the innovative leadership of small to medium sized enterprises: Towards “universities for a modern renaissance” (UMR)
an article by James Powell (University of Salford and University of Glasgow) published in International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research Volume 18 Issue 4 (2012)
Abstract
Purpose
Society now expects the universities it funds to work with citizens and communities to enable them to flourish in sustainable ways. One particular aspect of this concerns support for small- and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) which, more than ever, need universities to help them cost effectively be innovative, and at the leading edge, for markets which are now global in outreach. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the kinds of approach and leadership that academics must put into their academic practices, in order to creatively and constructively lead local partnerships – partnerships that will be both successful and sustainable.
Design/methodology/approach
In total, 185 rigorous case studies were undertaken of successful university outreach activity in 30 universities across Europe. Senior staff of those universities used their collective judgement to determine the 16 ’best leaders” of these projects in terms of entrepreneurial skills and wealth-creating impacts. These leaders were then thematically interviewed and videoed, and their immediate staff indicated what leadership characteristics best described them. All data were content analysed. Then the best practice approaches, which actually helped SMEs, were elicited and the qualities of the 16 leaders were revealed.
Findings
Best practice projects, from all studied, clearly showed a “virtuous knowledge sharing” cycle, where holistic and co-creating inter-disciplinary team-working was the norm. Teams of academics and SME partners in these projects worked extremely closely together to co-produce “real world” solutions. While often “reluctant leaders”, the academics who normally drove these entrepreneurial projects to success had all of the characteristics often ascribed to leaders, as described in the general leadership literature. However, in the case of these university reach-out leaders, these entrepreneurial academics had a particular focus in striving to be “democratically empowering”; their aspiration was to ensure innovative skills were successfully passed onto others in their teams, including their external partners, to enable powerful and collective co-creation.
Social implications
This paper has profound social implications, especially in our present global financial extreme, as it focuses on the kinds of leadership that academics should put into practice in order to work more creatively and effectively with local SME partnerships. The approach has also shown how such leadership can also lead to successful social enterprises in their own right.
Originality/value
The working of universities with SMEs is very much a Cinderella area in higher education research. The approach described in this paper deals with this topic in an evidential and highly innovative way. It uniquely heralds, and describes in some detail, a new kind of university which strives to co-identify problems worthy of exploration with local partners, the kind of co-learning that engenders co-creation and co-design, and also the co-production with local SMEs that can lead them to survive and to flourish. This has recently been recognized by the PASCAL International Observatory for place management, social capital and learning regions, which has adopted the approach in its “Universities for a Modern Renaissance programme”.
Abstract
Purpose
Society now expects the universities it funds to work with citizens and communities to enable them to flourish in sustainable ways. One particular aspect of this concerns support for small- and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) which, more than ever, need universities to help them cost effectively be innovative, and at the leading edge, for markets which are now global in outreach. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the kinds of approach and leadership that academics must put into their academic practices, in order to creatively and constructively lead local partnerships – partnerships that will be both successful and sustainable.
Design/methodology/approach
In total, 185 rigorous case studies were undertaken of successful university outreach activity in 30 universities across Europe. Senior staff of those universities used their collective judgement to determine the 16 ’best leaders” of these projects in terms of entrepreneurial skills and wealth-creating impacts. These leaders were then thematically interviewed and videoed, and their immediate staff indicated what leadership characteristics best described them. All data were content analysed. Then the best practice approaches, which actually helped SMEs, were elicited and the qualities of the 16 leaders were revealed.
Findings
Best practice projects, from all studied, clearly showed a “virtuous knowledge sharing” cycle, where holistic and co-creating inter-disciplinary team-working was the norm. Teams of academics and SME partners in these projects worked extremely closely together to co-produce “real world” solutions. While often “reluctant leaders”, the academics who normally drove these entrepreneurial projects to success had all of the characteristics often ascribed to leaders, as described in the general leadership literature. However, in the case of these university reach-out leaders, these entrepreneurial academics had a particular focus in striving to be “democratically empowering”; their aspiration was to ensure innovative skills were successfully passed onto others in their teams, including their external partners, to enable powerful and collective co-creation.
Social implications
This paper has profound social implications, especially in our present global financial extreme, as it focuses on the kinds of leadership that academics should put into practice in order to work more creatively and effectively with local SME partnerships. The approach has also shown how such leadership can also lead to successful social enterprises in their own right.
Originality/value
The working of universities with SMEs is very much a Cinderella area in higher education research. The approach described in this paper deals with this topic in an evidential and highly innovative way. It uniquely heralds, and describes in some detail, a new kind of university which strives to co-identify problems worthy of exploration with local partners, the kind of co-learning that engenders co-creation and co-design, and also the co-production with local SMEs that can lead them to survive and to flourish. This has recently been recognized by the PASCAL International Observatory for place management, social capital and learning regions, which has adopted the approach in its “Universities for a Modern Renaissance programme”.
Wednesday, 9 May 2012
Understanding the antecedents, the outcomes and the mediating role of social capital: An employee perspective
an article by Marjo-Riitta Parzefall (EBS Business School, Germany) and Volker G Kuppelwieser (University of Wuppertal, Germany) published in Human Relations Volume 65 Number 4 (April 2012)
Abstract
This study examines 1) how job security, expected organizational change and workload influence employees’ perceptions of organizational social capital, and 2) how organizational social capital influences affective commitment through both direct and mediated routes.
Results from an employee survey (n = 1977) demonstrate that workload and organizational change negatively influence employees’ social capital perceptions, and that job security has a positive relationship with perceived social capital.
In addition, we confirm that perceived social capital has a positive relationship with affective commitment, partially mediating the negative relationships between workload, expected organizational change and affective commitment, and similarly mediating the positive relationship between job security and affective commitment.
Abstract
This study examines 1) how job security, expected organizational change and workload influence employees’ perceptions of organizational social capital, and 2) how organizational social capital influences affective commitment through both direct and mediated routes.
Results from an employee survey (n = 1977) demonstrate that workload and organizational change negatively influence employees’ social capital perceptions, and that job security has a positive relationship with perceived social capital.
In addition, we confirm that perceived social capital has a positive relationship with affective commitment, partially mediating the negative relationships between workload, expected organizational change and affective commitment, and similarly mediating the positive relationship between job security and affective commitment.
Thursday, 12 April 2012
Good practice in secondary school careers programs: A case study of the approach of one inner city school
an article by Robyn Broadbent, Marcelle Cacciattolo and Theo Papadopoulos (Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia) published in Education + Training Volume 54 Issue 2/3 (2012)
Abstract
Purpose
Career programmes within secondary school curriculum can impact on a young person's sense of direction and meaning in life. The purpose of this paper is to report on an evaluation that was conducted in 2009 of the careers programmes in one secondary college in the western suburbs of Melbourne.
Design/methodology/approach
The research team utilised a multi-method approach collecting 273 surveys and undertaking both focus groups and interviews, ensuring the voices of young people were at the centre of the work.
Findings
Innovative careers and transition programmes create opportunities for young people to plan for their future. Similarly the absence of established careers programmes can compound the disadvantage that some students experience. The findings evidence how important it is for schools to support inclusive classrooms that enable young people to make informed decisions about their career pathways.
Research limitations/implications
The research findings were used to form a model of good practice and highlight the transformational impact of career and transition programmes for young people. The current research explores student knowledge, confidence, attitudes and perceptions while they are still at school. A longitudinal study, tracking these same young people as they progress to tertiary education and/or employment, would enable more definitive evidence on actual transitions and the actual outcomes experienced by young people.
Originality/value
This paper is of value to the education sector as it looks to respond to the need to develop a more seamless approach to young people making successful transitions to further education and/or employment.
Purpose
Career programmes within secondary school curriculum can impact on a young person's sense of direction and meaning in life. The purpose of this paper is to report on an evaluation that was conducted in 2009 of the careers programmes in one secondary college in the western suburbs of Melbourne.
Design/methodology/approach
The research team utilised a multi-method approach collecting 273 surveys and undertaking both focus groups and interviews, ensuring the voices of young people were at the centre of the work.
Findings
Innovative careers and transition programmes create opportunities for young people to plan for their future. Similarly the absence of established careers programmes can compound the disadvantage that some students experience. The findings evidence how important it is for schools to support inclusive classrooms that enable young people to make informed decisions about their career pathways.
Research limitations/implications
The research findings were used to form a model of good practice and highlight the transformational impact of career and transition programmes for young people. The current research explores student knowledge, confidence, attitudes and perceptions while they are still at school. A longitudinal study, tracking these same young people as they progress to tertiary education and/or employment, would enable more definitive evidence on actual transitions and the actual outcomes experienced by young people.
Originality/value
This paper is of value to the education sector as it looks to respond to the need to develop a more seamless approach to young people making successful transitions to further education and/or employment.
Monday, 12 March 2012
How do public libraries create social capital? An analysis of interactions between library staff and patrons
an article by Catherine A. Johnson (Faculty of Information and Media Studies, University of Western Ontario, Canada) published in Library & Information Science Research Volume 34 Issue 1 (January 2012)
Abstract
In this qualitative study exploring the content of social interactions between library staff and patrons, interviews were held with 15 library staff members in three neighbourhood branch libraries in a large American mid-western city. An analysis of the interviews suggests that public libraries may contribute to social capital through the relationships and interactions that occur between staff and patrons.
Some of the ways in which these relationships and interactions may contribute to social capital include: building patrons’ trust in the library and its staff, connecting people to both community and library resources, providing social support for patrons, reducing social isolation, helping patrons gain skills to function in an increasingly online world, and providing a positive place for neighbourhood residents to gather. The kinds of social interactions occurring in libraries that may help to build social capital are highlighted.
Abstract
In this qualitative study exploring the content of social interactions between library staff and patrons, interviews were held with 15 library staff members in three neighbourhood branch libraries in a large American mid-western city. An analysis of the interviews suggests that public libraries may contribute to social capital through the relationships and interactions that occur between staff and patrons.
Some of the ways in which these relationships and interactions may contribute to social capital include: building patrons’ trust in the library and its staff, connecting people to both community and library resources, providing social support for patrons, reducing social isolation, helping patrons gain skills to function in an increasingly online world, and providing a positive place for neighbourhood residents to gather. The kinds of social interactions occurring in libraries that may help to build social capital are highlighted.
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