Tuesday, 31 July 2018

10 for today: you know what to expect, a miscellany of trivia!

The 'New Woman' & American literature
via the OUP blog

“Toni Morrison by West Point – The U.S. Military Academy.” Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons.
In the late 19th and early 20th-century America, a new image of womanhood emerged that began to shape public views and understandings of women’s role in society. With the suffrage and labor movements, the “new woman” emerged. These modern women were attending colleges, rejecting domesticity, asserting themselves politically in public, and becoming a part of the cultural landscape through literature. As the 20th century progressed, the voices of women pushed for more self-discovery and freedom from society’s traditional limitations.
The Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Literature delves into some of the most prominent literary figures in the 20th century that shaped the ideas of modern womanhood.
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'Story of a nation': HS2 archaeological dig begins in UK's biggest excavation
via the Guardian by Esther Addley
Digital recording of skeletons at St James’s gardens burial ground.
 Digital recording of skeletons at St James’s gardens burial ground. Photograph: HS2/Mola Headland Infrastructure
Archaeologists on the HS2 rail link between London and Birmingham have begun work on the UK’s biggest ever excavation, cutting an “unprecedented” slice through 10,000 years of British history.
The mammoth archaeological project, taking in more than 60 separate digs along the 150-mile route, is the first stage in construction of the controversial rail line ahead of main building works starting next year.
The developers have now revealed some of their early finds including a prehistoric hunter-gatherer site on the outskirts of London, a Wars of the Roses battlefield in Northamptonshire, a Romano-British town near Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire and an Iron Age settlement in Staffordshire.
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New 150-year digital archive captures growth of London
via ResearchBuzz Firehose: Thames Water
New 150-year digital archive captures growth of London
Thousands of never-before-seen images documenting Thames Water’s past and the growth of London are now available to the public after a mammoth archiving project.
The historic photographs of iconic and critical sites, including Walthamstow reservoirs, Abbey Mills pumping station and Beckton sewage works, from across the capital span almost a century, from 1886 to 1976, and can be downloaded for free.
The collection, loaned to the London Metropolitan Archive (LMA) to undergo a programme of conservation, cataloguing and repackaging, contains 18,000 glass plate negative slides, 2,000 ‘lantern’ slides and 158 wastewater books, which include maps and drawings, and would stretch over 1,000 metres in total if placed together.
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How five humble fish transformed the British Isles
via tjhe New Statesman by Mark Cocker

The tale of the British herring industry is one of profligate waste
Cod, carp, eel, herring and salmon might seem an odd quintet, but these charismatic, story-rich species changed our nation.
met the author of this book once, when we did a double piece for a newspaper, in which I tried to persuade him of the pleasures of birds, while he tried to make me into a fisherman. Even on the day, I knew that placing him in front of thousands of migrant ducks and waders scattering across a Norfolk winter sky was never going to work. Charles Rangeley-Wilson values feathers mainly for tying flies; his eyes are for creatures with fins. As a writer and television presenter he has spent his life celebrating fish. Otherwise he devotes himself to what he calls “the best waste of time ever invented: fishing”.

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A Short Analysis of Thomas Hardy’s ‘At an Inn’
via Interesting Literature
A close reading of Hardy’s poem
‘At an Inn’ was published in Thomas Hardy’s first collection of poetry, Wessex Poems (1898). The poem, in summary, tells of Hardy’s visit to an inn with a woman who is mistaken for his lover by the servants working at the inn.
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Apocalypse Then: the Battle of Megiddo, 1918
via The National Arvhives Blog by Dr Juliette Desplat and Dr George Hay
Bas-relief of the temple of Karnak, Luxor, showing Thutmose III after his victory at Megiddo (© Juliette Desplat)
Bas-relief of the temple of Karnak, Luxor, showing Thutmose III after his victory at Megiddo (© Juliette Desplat)
They are demonic spirits that perform signs, and they go out to the kings of the whole world, to gather them for the battle on the great day of God Almighty (…). Then they gathered the kings together to the place that in Hebrew is called Armageddon.
In English, we call it Megiddo. Megiddo – now in the north of Israel, about 25 miles from Haifa – is a place where some of the greatest battles in history have taken place. The Book of Revelation, the last Book of the New Testament, gives it as the location of the final battle between Good and Evil, and of the end of the world. Around 1457 BC, Pharaoh Thutmose III put the King of Kadesh’s Canaanite troops to rout in what is now known as the first battle properly recorded. A hundred years ago, in September 1918, General Edmund Allenby won arguably the most decisive yet least discussed British victory of the First World War.
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Creepy Victorian era advertising fad
via Boing Boing by Mark Frauenfelder

These old advertisements are creepy and as annoying as many of the online ads you'll find over at /r/assholedesign.

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Robert Graves: the reluctant First World War poet
via the New Statesman by Peter Parker

Jean Moorcroft Wilson’s new biography convincingly makes the case for Graves as a major war poet, however much he attempted to escape that role.
“My experiences in the First World War have haunted me all my life,” Edmund Blunden confessed the year before he died, “and for many days I have, it seemed, lived in that world rather than this.” Siegfried Sassoon felt much the same, and despite producing many volumes of verse on other topics both men would continue to be fêted as war poets.
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10 of Europe's weirdest laws
Amongst other things, you can't get away with handling a salmon suspiciously in Scotland.
via the Big Think blog by Ned Dymoke
  • While a few of the laws on this list are holdovers from long ago, some laws are as recent as 2011.
  • While marrying a dead person or handling salmon suspiciously might sound morbid or hilarious, these laws have historical context.
  • Some of today's laws might seem as antiquated as these in 100 years, too.
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Revealing the past of childhood before history
via the OUP blog by Robin Derricourt

A Neanderthal family scene: reconstruction at Krapina Neanderthal Museum, Croatia by Tromber. CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
Through most societies of the human past, children comprised half the community. Archaeologists and their collaborators are now uncovering many aspects of the young in societies of the deep past, too long the ‘hidden half’ of prehistory.
In coastal mud at Happisburgh in England, footprints of ancient Homo dating from 800,000 years ago include those of a child just 3ft, 3in high. In the caves of Upper Palaeolithic France, more footprints show adult cave painters were accompanied by children. Ochre markings around the outstretched hand of a patient child held against a rock wall are permanent graffiti that have lasted 20,000 years, and the fingers of two-year-old children daubed paint on walls suggest them sitting on an adult’s shoulders.
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New online travel guide opens up UK attractions for accessible travel

an article by Tristram Parker in E-ACCESS BULLETIN

A comprehensive publication detailing access facilities at venues and attractions across the UK has been released digitally by travel guides company Rough Guides and made available for free.

‘The Rough Guide to Accessible Britain’ aims to help people with a range of access requirements plans trips around the UK. The newly updated seventh version of the guide features specific information for people with autism and cognitive conditions.

A wide variety of attractions, sights and cultural hotspots around Britain are covered in over 180 reviews, including museums and galleries, coastal trails, sports and activities centres, animal sanctuaries and zoos, markets and historical landmarks. The guide states that every venue has been reviewed by a team of writers who either have a disability or have visited the venue with someone who has a disability.

Reviews feature a summary of each venue and its highlights, and as the guide’s introduction explains, each review also includes “details about facilities for disabled visitors, plus ideas for places to eat on site or nearby”. Separate ‘town reviews’ explore access and attractions in different UK regions.

Venue facilities are flagged up, including facilities for those with mobility impairments, facilities for people who are blind or visually impaired, wheelchair access, guide dog access, accessible toilets and BSL (British Sign Language) interpreters.

The authors also worked with specialist organisations, including the National Autistic Society, to highlight features for people with autism and cognitive conditions, such as quiet spaces and ‘sensory stories’ for children.

‘The Rough Guide to Accessible Britain’ is available to view or download for free at Motability.co.uk, a vehicle and wheelchair lease scheme for people with disabilities.


‘My brain feels like it’s been punched’: the intolerable rise of perfectionism

an article by Paula Cocozza published in The Guardian

Perfectionism illustration by Harriet Lee Merrion
‘You neglect absolutely everything. You become absorbed by your own brain.’ Illustration: Harriet Lee Merrion/The Guardian

Tom Nicol thought he had a problem with sleep. He could never get enough. He took “a very disciplined, stripped approach” to his routine. He drank water only at premeditated times, ate according to schedule, avoided caffeine, exercised (but not close to bedtime) and shut down all screens at 9pm. Nicol, a PhD student, was recounting this long list of sleep settings to his student counsellor after yet another bad night, when she told him: “You have perfectionism.”

“I’m not good enough to have perfectionism,” Nicol replied.

It was “one of the most perfectionist things you can say”, he says now. At the time, though, the discovery took Nicol by surprise. He shared his surprise with his partner. “She was like: ‘Well, duh!’” But he needed to be convinced.

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Cryptocurrencies are lousy investments

a column by Jon Danielsson for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

Are cryptocurrencies the future of money, Ponzi schemes, speculators’ dreams, or just a prosperity gospel?

While there is money to be made in the short run, this column argues that cryptocurrencies are lousy investments and will eventually reach a price of zero.

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How Journaling Helped Me Heal from Grief and How It Can Help You Too

a post by Kerstin Pilz for the Tiny Buddha blog


“No one ever told me that grief felt so like fear.” ~C.S. Lewis, A Grief Observed

The day I was told that the man I loved was going to die from cancer, I did two things: I made a pact with myself never to have more than one bottle of wine in the house. I knew the risks of numbing pain and I knew that it didn’t work. Then I went to a stationery shop and bought a supply of fine moleskin journals.

My journey through grief started the day the pea-sized lump behind my husband’s ear was given a name. Metastatic melanoma. Over the course of two years it spread to his lungs, then his brain. A brain tumor the size of a golf ball is what killed him.

Four weeks after his death, a tightly sealed plastic box containing a dozen diaries was the first thing I grabbed when I had to evacuate my home ahead of a monster cyclone. Seven years after those events, the plastic container, which by now contains several dozen moleskins, is still the first thing I’ll grab at the next cyclone warning.

Why? Because those journals were my lifesaver at a time when no therapist could help me. Grieving is a very long and lonely journey, and those journals were my most intimate, trusted friends during the most difficult time in my life.

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Monday, 30 July 2018

Twitter's vast metadata haul is a privacy nightmare for users

via ResearchBuzz Firehose

Metadata is everywhere.

Everything you tweet, every picture you take, and every status update you post on Facebook. It’s used by police and security forces to identify people who try to hide their identities and locations, while associated metadata in selfies can inadvertently ensnare criminals unaware that the data can destroy their alibi.

And metadata on Twitter can also be used in extremely precise identification each and every one of us – according to a new paper by researchers at University College London and the Alan Turing Institute.

Original article by Chris Stokel-Walker published in WIRED

Working with publicly available metadata from Twitter, a machine learning algorithm was able to identify users with 96.7 per cent accuracy

Conference paper (PDF 10pp)

Abstract

Metadata are associated to most of the information we produce in our daily interactions and communication in the digital world. Yet, surprisingly, metadata are often still categorized as non-sensitive. Indeed, in the past, researchers and practitioners have mainly focused on the problem of the identification of a user from the content of a message.

In this paper, we use Twitter as a case study to quantify the uniqueness of the association between metadata and user identity and to understand the effectiveness of potential obfuscation strategies. More specifically, we analyze atomic fields in the metadata and systematically combine them in an effort to classify new tweets as belonging to an account using different machine learning algorithms of increasing complexity.

We demonstrate that through the application of a supervised learning algorithm, we are able to identify any user in a group of 10,000 with approximately 96.7% accuracy. Moreover, if we broaden the scope of our search and consider the 10 most likely candidates we increase the accuracy of the model to 99.22%.

We also found that data obfuscation is hard and ineffective for this type of data: even after perturbing 60% of the training data, it is still possible to classify users with an accuracy higher than 95%.

These results have strong implications in terms of the design of metadata obfuscation strategies, for example for data set release, not only for Twitter, but, more generally, for most social media platforms.


Government must urgently deliver Industrial Strategy plan to solve productivity puzzle

from South West Skills Newsletter

Britain’s manufacturers are calling for the Industrial Strategy Council to be immediately created and given the urgent task of setting clear goals that will focus on solutions to boost manufacturing productivity growth.

The call from EEF, the manufacturers’ organisation, comes on the back of new research showing the evolution of manufacturing sub-sector productivity growth against key international competitors before and after the financial crisis, including where the problems and opportunities for growth now sit.

Full text of the EEF press release (HTML)


Intergenerational mobility across the world: Where socioeconomic status of parents matters the most (and least)

a column by Ambar Narayan and Roy Van der Weide for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

Intergenerational mobility is important for both fairness and economic efficiency in a society.

This column uses data from a new global study spanning five decades to show that average relative mobility is lower in developing economies, with no sign that the gap with developed countries is getting smaller.

In addition, income mobility in several developing economies is much lower than their levels of educational mobility would lead us to expect. Labour market deficiencies appear to be contributing to this gap between mobility in education and income.


6 Surprising Signs That You're Struggling with Depression

a post by Margarita Tartakovsky for the World of Psychology blog

how media shapes our view of PTSD

Most people know the telltale signs of depression: a deep, sinking sadness, loss of hope, a bleak outlook on life, and weight and appetite changes. As psychologist Deborah Serani, Psy.D, said, most people also picture a slow-moving individual with sloped shoulders who’s unable to get out of bed.

While for some people the above is absolutely true, for others, different signs are more prominent and indicative of depression – signs that might surprise you. Below are six symptoms to watch out for.
  1. You have a super short fuse. 
  2. Your concentration is shaky.
  3. You can’t make up your mind.
  4. You strive for perfection.
  5. You have random aches or chronic pain.
  6. You feel utterly empty.
Continue reading to get the expansion on these points.


The establishing of a European industrial relations system: Still under construction or chasing a chimera?

an article by Sergio González Begega and Mona Aranea (University of Oviedo, Spain) published in Employee Relations Volume 40 Issue 4 (2018)

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine European Union (EU) industrial relations in their development over time. It describes and analyzes their main constituent parts, which are deployed along four interlinked institutional dimensions: tripartite concertation; cross-industry social dialogue; sectoral social dialogue; and employee representation and negotiation at the transnational company level. The focus lies strictly on the emerging EU layer of industrial relations, which is common to the different Member States and not on comparative European industrial relations.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is conceptual in nature. It considers the differences and mutually interdependent legal and political processes, policies and institutions between EU industrial relations and national industrial relations.

Findings
The findings substantiate that EU industrial relations constitute an incomplete but perfectly traceable transnational reality distinct from industrial relations in the Member States. EU industrial relations are not to supersede but to supplement national industrial relations. Neither the EU institutional framework nor the European social partners have the mandate, legitimation or desire to perform a more ambitious role.

Research limitations/implications
More empirically oriented research would further support the findings in the paper.

Originality/value
The paper presents a conceptual review based on a comprehensive and critical reading of the literature on EU industrial relations. It also puts labor strategies at the forefront of the analysis in corporate relocation.


Saturday, 28 July 2018

10 for today starts with book burning and finishes with the lighting of the universe

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A brief history of book burning
via Boing Boing by David Pescovitz

Pissed off and misguided people have been burning books for thousands of years. At Smithsonian, Lorraine Boissoneault provides A Brief History of Book Burning from the earliest examples on record through the Nazis (above) all the way to, um, the present day.
Holy shit, did I really just type that?
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On climate change and human futilitarianism
via 3 Quarks Daily: Sam Kriss and Ellie Mae O'Hagan at The Baffler

© Jacob Magraw
Many of the climate scientists and activists we’ve spoken with casually talk of their work with a sense of mounting despair and hopelessness, a feeling we call political depression. We’re used to considering and treating depression as an internal, medical condition, something that can be put right with a few chemicals to keep the brain swimming in serotonin; in conceptualizing our more morose turns of mind, modern medicine hasn’t come too far from the ancient idea that a melancholy disposition arises from too much black bile in the body. But when depressives talk about their experiences, they describe depression in terms of a lost relationship to the world. The author Tim Lott writes that depression “is commonly described as being like viewing the world through a sheet of plate glass; it would be more accurate to say a sheet of thick, semi-opaque ice.”
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Rare Roman mosaic found during Berkshire community project
via The Guardian by Maev Kennedy
A section of the mosaic, found at a Roman site near Boxford in Berkshire
 A section of the mosaic, found at a Roman site near Boxford in Berkshire
A spectacular Roman mosaic described as the best find of its kind in half a century has been partly uncovered in Berkshire, during a community archaeology project that only had two weeks left to run.

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The Sad, Ecstatic Passions of Carol Rama
via Arts & Letters Daily: Jane Yong Kim in The Atlantic
Carol Rama's painting 'Appassionata'
Carol Rama's 1940 painting Appassionata CAROL RAMA / NEW MUSEUM
Over six prolific decades, the self-taught Italian artist explored the female body and its social context with curiosity and urgency.
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It’s fun to watch this specialized truck build a tunnel
via Boing Boing by Mark Frauenfelder

This truck supports pieces of a tunnel arch as they are lowered from a crane. The body of the truck is covered with rollers so it can drive out of the tunnel and let the pieces fall into place.
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A Summary and Analysis of George Egerton’s ‘A Cross Line’
via Interesting Literature
How a little-known short-story writer broke new literary ground
‘A Cross Line’ first appeared in George Egerton’s 1893 collection of short stories, Keynotes. Egerton, whose real name was Mary Chavelita Dunne (she was nicknamed ‘Chav’ long before that word came to mean something else), has a claim to being the first female modernist writer in English. In ‘A Cross Line’ and a handful of other short stories from the 1890s, she pioneered an elliptical, impressionistic style of fiction that later writers such as Katherine Mansfield and Virginia Woolf would bring to a wider readership.
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What’s It Like To Be An Octopus?
via 3 Quarks Daily: Arnia Srinivasan at the London Review of Books
Srin01_3917_01
Octopuses do not have any stable colour or texture, changing at will to match their surroundings: a camouflaged octopus can be invisible from just a few feet away. Like humans, they have centralised nervous systems, but in their case there is no clear distinction between brain and body. An octopus’s neurons are dispersed throughout its body, and two-thirds of them are in its arms: each arm can act intelligently on its own, grasping, manipulating and hunting. (Octopuses have arms, not tentacles: tentacles have suckers only at their tips. Squid and cuttlefish have a combination of arms and tentacles.)
In evolutionary terms, the intelligence of octopuses is an anomaly. The last common ancestor between octopuses on the one hand, and humans and other intelligent animals (monkeys, dolphins, dogs, crows) on the other, was probably a primitive, blind worm-like creature that existed six hundred million years ago. Other creatures that are so evolutionarily distant from humans – lobsters, snails, slugs, clams – rate pretty low on the cognitive scale. But octopuses – and to some extent their cephalopod cousins, cuttlefish and squid – frustrate the neat evolutionary division between clever vertebrates and simple-minded invertebrates. They are sophisticated problem solvers; they learn, and can use tools; and they show a capacity for mimicry, deception and, some think, humour. Just how refined their abilities are is a matter of scientific debate: their very strangeness makes octopuses hard to study. Their intelligence is like ours, and utterly unlike ours. Octopuses are the closest we can come, on earth, to knowing what it might be like to encounter intelligent aliens.
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Natural History Museum (UK): How Lego lends a hand in digitising 300 year old Herbarium books
via ResearchBuzz Firehose: Natural History Museum blog post by Jennifer P
We used Lego as a tool to create these new ‘hands’ as Lego is modular and easy to work with
The Museum is on a mission to digitise 80 million specimens. We want to mobilise the collections to give the global community access to this unrivaled historical, cultural, geographical and taxonomic resource.
Carrying out pilot projects helps us to establish bespoke digital capture workflows on areas of the collections. Mercers Trust funded a small scale pilot project to digitise the more difficult to image herbarium specimens from the Samuel Browne Volumes of the Sloane Herbarium that contain specimens of medicinal plants form India. Dr Steen Dupont from the Museum’s Digital Collection programme has been leading on this project.
Continue reading and discover how the Lego pieces have been used. Fascinating.

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Colorful lace sculptures of wood and thread
via Boing Boing by Andrea James

Ágnes Herczeg developed her artistic style through the practice of traditional lacemaking. The results combine found items like coconut shells and wood with delicate lace forms.
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How the Universe Was Filled with Light
via Big Think by Paul Ratner
Article Image
Many spiritual traditions talk about the first state of the world as being dark, only to be filled with light upon a god’s command. In scientific understanding, the period after the Big Bang was completely dark. Somewhere between 200,000 and one billion years later, further expansion of the Universe happened, bringing with it all the matter we know today as well as visible light. But the specifics of the transition from the darkness has been a great mystery until a new study by researchers from the University of Iowa, who claim to have figured out how the exactly the universe got filled with light.
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Friday, 27 July 2018

‘Borrowed access’ – the struggle of older persons for digital participation

an article by Linda Reneland-Forsman (Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden) published in International Journal of Lifelong Education Volume 37 Issue 3 (2018)

Abstract

This study investigates older persons engagement with digital interfaces as one important way to social inclusion. Digital exclusion and social exclusion are intrinsically intertwined, which put older persons at risk for exclusion.

To construct meaningful educational practices for inclusion, more insight is needed to understand consequences of low digital competence.

Eighteen men and women (retired) have been interviewed about their everyday encounters with digital interfaces. Results show how older persons ‘borrow’ knowledge from social networks or from contacts at previous workplace, to access technology and digital practices.

Data also show a common acceptance of exclusion and changes in lifestyle. These fragile chains, put together to access digital practices jeopardise social inclusion understood as autonomy and participation in society.

Informants did not mention community arrangements as resources for access and knowledge, which indicate that hard work is required to promote inclusion of this group.

A possible way could be using the power of informally framed learning scenarios. Society cannot turn a blind eye to the fact that groups of citizens are hindered from developing capabilities to maintain a social life, to access the health sector, to enjoy integrity and independence and cultural recreation – to live a capable life.

Full text (HTML)


Shine Your Light: You Have More to Contribute Than You Think

a post by Marlena Tillhon-Haslam for the Tiny Buddha blog


“Express yourself. There is nothing to fear. There is nothing to lose. There is just you being lived.” ~Marlena Tillhon

Writing is one of my biggest passions. I have always wanted to be a writer. But I have a fear of writing. Or so I thought.

I see writing as self-expression. It is an act of bravery to me. Allowing others to see my inner workings feels scary to me because I could look incompetent. They might think I'm wrong. They might think less of me. I could be ridiculed and not taken seriously. I may get rejected and feel humiliated. “Who do I think I am?!”

The “Who do I think I am?!” sentence often comes to my mind whenever I try to express myself in writing. It often stops me.

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Social media as a vehicle for user engagement with local history: A case study in the North East of Scotland

an article by Caroline Hood and Peter Reid (Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK) published in Journal of Documentation Volume 74 Issue 4 (2018)

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine issues associated with user engagement on social media with local history in the North East of Scotland and to focus on a case study of the Buckie and District Fishing Heritage Society, a small but very successful and professionally-run community-based local heritage organisation.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach using photo elicitation on social media was deployed in conjunction with analysis of the user interactions and the reach insights provided by Facebook to the page manager. Additionally, a focus group was used.

Findings
The research, although focussed on an individual case study, offers significant lessons which are more widely applicable in the local history and cultural heritage social media domain. Key aspects include user engagement and how digital storytelling can assist in the documentation of local communities ultimately contributing to local history research and the broader cultural memory. The significance of the image and the photo elicitation methodology is also explored.

Social implications
The research demonstrates new opportunities for engaging users and displaying historical content that can be successfully exploited by community heritage organisations. These are themes which will be developed within the paper. The research also demonstrates the value of photo elicitation in both historical and wider information science fields as a means of obtaining in-depth quality engagement and interaction with users and communities.

Originality/value
The research explored the underutilised method of photo elicitation in a local history context with a community possessed of a strong sense of local identity. In addition to exploring the benefits of this method, it presents transferable lessons for how small, community-based history and heritage organisation can engage effectively with their audience.


Thursday, 26 July 2018

There are more foreign firms than we think!

a column by Sara McGaughey and Pascalis Raimondos for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

Researchers and policymakers often refer to ‘foreign firms’, but how do we define a firm as ‘foreign’ and does it matter for our policy conclusions?

This column argues due to the dominant practice of using only direct ownership links to identify the owners of a firm, the commonly used definition of a foreign firm captures only half of the foreign firms that exist. Indirect ownership link turns out to be pivotal for identifying firms that appear to be domestic but are in reality foreign, with implications for the measurement of FDI productivity spillovers.

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What Really Makes Us Feel Successful

a post by Eugene Choi for the Tiny Buddha blog


“Congratulations on becoming successful and best wishes on becoming happy.” ~John Mayer

I was living the life of my dreams.

Or so I thought.

I’ve been very fortunate to have had some very awesome opportunities all over the world.

I’ve worked to help victims of human trafficking in the shady streets of Thailand, I’ve helped build a positive community with drug traffickers in the extremely violent favelas of Brazil, and I’ve cared for terminally ill patients who were picked up from the streets die with dignity at Mother Theresa’s famous House of the Dying in India.

I also got involved with the non-profit filmmaking group the Jubilee Project, where I had the opportunity to create films for a good cause. We’ve made films with various celebrities and professional actors, and our work together has received millions of views on YouTube.

Continue reading

It is quite a long read but well worth ploughing through to the end. IMO.


Wednesday, 25 July 2018

Income Inequality and Subjective Well-Being: Toward an Understanding of the Relationship and Its Mechanisms

an article by Ivana Katic (Columbia University, USA) and Paul Ingram (Cornell University, USA) published in Business & Society Volume Volume 57 Issue 6 (July 2018)

Abstract

Income inequality is emerging as the socioeconomic topic of our era. Yet there is no clear conclusion as to how income inequality affects the most comprehensive human outcome measure, subjective well-being (SWB).

This study provides an explanation for the relationship between income inequality and SWB, by delving into its mechanisms, including egalitarian preferences, perceived fairness, social comparison concerns, as well as perceived social mobility.

In a rigorous analysis using a large cross-country dataset, and accounting for the nested structure of the data, as well as controlling for a variety of individual and country characteristics, we find that SWB is higher where income inequality is higher. Importantly, we also find support for this relationship being moderated by perceptions of poverty being caused by unfairness, an individual’s relative socioeconomic standing, as well as beliefs about hard work leading to success.

Our study highlights the dire need for further scholarly attention to income inequality and its complex effects on SWB.


Subsidised childcare, maternal labour supply, and children's outcomes

a column by Francesca Carta and Lucia Rizzica for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

A growing number of advanced economies are opting for highly subsidised childcare systems. But studies have shown mixed effects of subsidised childcare on children’s outcomes, suggesting a potential trade-off between promoting female labour supply and providing the best care for children.

This column shows that an expansion of subsidised childcare in Italy increased female labour supply without hurting children’s outcomes. Childcare could be made more cost-effective by making it conditional on the mother’s employment status, or incentivising firms to provide corporate childcare options.

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10 Surprising Health Benefits of Mindfulness Meditation

a post by Suzanne Kane for the World of Psychology blog



“The real meditation practice is how we live our lives from moment to moment to moment.” –Jon Kabat-Zinn

As someone who strives daily to be the best I can be, to be present in the moment, minimize stress and appreciate the beauty and preciousness of life, I’m always keen to learn about scientifically-proven new health benefits of mindfulness meditation.
  1. Get better sleep
  2. Make progress toward your weight-loss goals
  3. Lower your stress levels
  4. Decrease loneliness in seniors
  5. Banish temporary negative feeling
  6. Improve attention
  7. Manage chronic pain
  8. Help prevent depression relapse
  9. Reduce anxiety
  10. Increase brain grey matter
Continue reading

These ten points each have what seems to me to be a reasonable explanation. What I don't understand, and never have, is why anyone would want to contort their body into such an awkward shape in order to meditate.


Tuesday, 24 July 2018

Brexit, Twitter, public_opinion, machine_learning, nationalism, populism, referendum,

an article by Stan Lester (Stan Lester Developments, Taunton, UK), Anna Koniotaki (Elliniki Etairia Topikis Anaptiksis kai Aftodioikisis, Athens, Greece; VFA, Athens, Greece) and Jolanta Religa (National Research Institute, Radom, Poland) published in Education + Training Volume 60 Issue 4 (2018)

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a revised approach describing occupational competence, with particular reference to its application in two European countries at the level of specific occupational fields and in relation to the models used in national vocational education and training (VET) systems.

Design/methodology/approach
An Erasmus+ project involved partners in five countries developing and trialling competence standards, following principles developed from approaches that have recently emerged in some British self-governing professions.

Findings
The model used in the project avoids the narrowness that was characteristic of earlier British approaches to occupational competence. It provides a template that can be used for articulating the essentials of practice, including in emerging fields and those that cut across professions and occupations. It is also flexible enough to provide underpinnings for different types of VET system without making assumptions about the way that economies, labour markets and education systems are organised.

Practical implications
A number of factors are outlined that improve the applicability of practice-based competence descriptions, including starting from occupational fields rather than job roles, focussing on the ethos and core activities of the field, and using concise and precise descriptions that are not limited to specific roles and contexts.

Originality/value
A tested, practice-based model of competence is put forward that can be applied at the level of broad professional or occupational fields, is neutral in respect of national labour markets and educational systems, and offers a means of developing a common “language” of competence at a European level.


The impact of non-tariff barriers on EU goods trade after Brexit

a column by Stephen Byrne and Jonathan Rice for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

While the effect of Brexit on trade between the UK and the remaining EU member states has received considerable attention, to date little work has considered the issue of non-tariff barriers.

This column explores how increased documentary compliance and border delays will affect EU members’ exports to the UK. Time-sensitive goods are found to be most at risk of suffering from increases in non-tariff barriers.

Based on current trade composition, Latvia, Ireland, and Denmark are the trading partners that will be most affected.

Continue reading


Parametrizing Brexit: mapping Twitter political space to parliamentary constituencies

an article by Marco Bastos and Dan Mercea (City, University of London, UK) published in Information, Communication & Society Volume 21 Issue 7 (2018)

Abstract

In this paper, a proof of concept study is performed to validate the use of social media signal to model the ideological coordinates underpinning the Brexit debate. We rely on geographically enriched Twitter data and a purpose-built, deep learning algorithm to map the political value space of users tweeting the referendum onto Parliamentary Constituencies.

We find a significant incidence of nationalist sentiments and economic views expressed on Twitter, which persist throughout the campaign and are only offset in the last days when a globalist upsurge brings the British Twittersphere closer to a divide between nationalist and globalist standpoints.

Upon combining demographic variables with the classifier scores, we find that the model explains 41% of the variance in the referendum vote, an indication that not only material inequality, but also ideological readjustments have contributed to the outcome of the referendum.

We conclude with a discussion of conceptual and methodological challenges in signal-processing social media data as a source for the measurement of public opinion.


Monday, 23 July 2018

Poor productivity and high housing costs are driving a ‘living standards exodus’ from London

a post by Stephen Clarke for the Resolution Foundation blog

As a Londoner it’s fair to say that as a city we’re quite good at giving ourselves a pat on the back (though apparently self-loathing Londoners are a thing too). It’s often suggested that London is an economic powerhouse, productive, innovative and leaving the rest of the country in its wake. However new research by the Resolution Foundation suggests that London could do with a bit of self-examination as well as backslapping.

London’s economy is different, and in a good way. The average worker in London produces a third more per hour than the UK average. As a share of the workforce, twice as many people work in professional, scientific or technical roles than in other major UK cities. London’s economy has grown faster than the UK as a whole since the crisis.

But wait. When it comes to productivity growth – probably the most pressing economic challenge facing the UK – far from racing away, London’s economy is actually holding the country back. Productivity growth in the capital has been negative since the crisis.

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There are lots of charts that show the changes very clearly.


Nursery attendance and children’s outcomes

Centrepiece Spring 2018

The UK government has expanded the popular ‘free entitlement’ to part-time early education and care from a universal 15 hours per week to 30 hours per week for working parents. But research by Jo Blanden and co-authors reveals that the original policy was less beneficial for children’s development than might have been hoped.

Full text (PDF 3pp)


Monies (old and new) through the lenses of modern accounting

a column by Biagio Bosson and Massimo Costa for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

A correct application of the general principles of accounting raises fundamental doubts about the current conceptions of money.

This column argues that such an application allows the inconsistency whereby cryptocurrencies are not a debt liability if they are issued by private-sector entities, but become so if they are issued by central banks, to be resolved. In both cases, cryptocurrencies actually represent equity capital of the issuing entities, a conclusion that should greatly assist national monetary and financial authorities in shaping regulations.

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Taking stock of the ambiguous role of foodbanks in the fight against poverty

an article by Tuur Ghys (affiliation uncertain) published in Journal of Poverty and Social Justice Volume 26 Number 2 (June 2018)

Abstract

This article distills three key issues of concern from the literature on the role of foodbanks in the fight against poverty. It illustrates these issues with empirical material from a study on foodbanks in Belgium.

The first issue concerns the problematic relation of foodbanks to structural poverty reduction.

Second is the problematic position of people in poverty within the foodbank system.

Third is the role of foodbanks in so called ‘welfare retrenchment’ and the shifting of responsibility from state to charity.

We end by discussing recent evolutions and reflecting on what margin exists to improve in each three areas.


When Suicide Summons

a post by Linda Sapadin for the World of Psychology blog

This is not a pleasant article to write. But then how could it be pleasant when I am writing about suicide. Yet, it’s important for all of us to attempt to understand the suicidal mind.

My interest in this topic began when I was in my mid-twenties, with the attempted suicide of my mother. My mother’s act of aggression did not come out of the blue. She was depressed; she was drinking; she demanded that life bend to her demands. When it seemed that life was going to do as it damn well pleased, she, in a fit of anger and despair, decided to take matters into her own hands. While she lived for many more years after her attempt, she never really got beyond her depression and all its many manifestations.

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Sunday, 22 July 2018

What is information? Toward a theory of information as objective and veridical

an article by John Mingers and Craig Standing (University of Kent, UK)
published in Journal of Information Technology Volume 33 Issue 2 (June 2018)

Abstract

Information systems are a strong and ever-growing discipline of enormous relevance to today’s informated world, and yet, as recent reviews have shown, there is still not an agreed and explicit conceptualization or definition of information.

After an evaluative review of a range of theories of information, this paper develops and defends a particular theory, one that sees information as both objective and veridical.

By objective, we mean that the information carried by signs and messages exists independently of its receivers or observers. The information carried by a sign exists even if the sign is not actually observed.

By veridical, we mean that information must be true or correct in order to be information – information is truth-constituted.

False information is not information, but misinformation or disinformation.

The paper develops this theory and then discusses four contentious issues:
  • information as objective rather than subjective;
  • information as true or correct;
  • information and knowledge; and
  • information and the ambiguity of meaning.
It concludes with a discussion of the practical implications of the theory.

The Appendix which you can access here makes interesting reading but the full article will cost you.




Resolving the ‘Highland Problem’: The Highlands and Islands of Scotland and the European Union

an article by Katie Louise McCullough (Simon Fraser University, Canada) published in Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit Volume 33 issue 4 (June 2018)

Abstract

Popular perception has historically constructed the Highlands and Islands of Scotland to be economically and socially backwards in comparison with the rest of the United Kingdom. As evoked in the phrase the ‘Highland Problem’, the area has been considered by outsiders to be beyond help and destined to remain in a state of underdevelopment and chronic depopulation.

Despite the history of economic intervention in the area from the late 18th century onwards from private and government initiatives intended to alleviate poverty and bring wealth to the area, it was not until the 1980s with the implementation of sustained and tailored structural assistance from the European Union that emigration slowed and the population of the Highlands and Islands began to grow significantly. This economic success has largely been the result of not only a significant injection of capital but also the willingness of the EU to use local knowledge and collaborate with local agencies.

This remarkable development, which is far from over, is being directly threatened by the Brexit phenomenon.


Basic goods as basic rights

a post by Kenneth A. Reinert for the OUP blog


Kids water by Abigail Keenan. Public domain viaUnsplash

If we were to try summarizing the many statements on human rights within the United Nations system, it might be as follows: basic goods are basic rights. True, there was an old approach to human rights that focused exclusively on “negative” political rights and cast doubt on “positive” subsistence rights. For example, it has been argued that we should not focus on economic or social rights because this would distract attention from political rights. This distinction, however, was forcibly shown to be illogical by political philosopher Henry Shue in his book Basic Rights (Princeton University Press, 1997).

As demonstrated by Shue, and as common sense suggests, even “negative” political rights require positive action in the form of the provision of human security services, legal services, and judicial services. Further, it is impossible for individuals to effectively exercise political rights when severely deprived of subsistence goods. Starkly put, there are no functioning political rights for the prematurely dead.

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How to Use Yoga Therapy for Anxiety

a post by Heather Mason for the World of Psychology blog



Anxiety can stymie our lives in so many ways. Whether it’s a debilitating panic attack, constant worry or an all pervading fear, anxiety is often an unwanted companion that seemingly only wants the worst for us. However with the right help, guidance and support, there are a variety of techniques that can help.

Of course it’s important to note that we’re all different, and what works for one person may not be as effective on another, but from personal experience, my own road to recovery led me, thankfully, to yoga therapy.

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That picture is enough to put me off for life but I am starting to go to a yoga class this coming week – armchair yoga for seniors.



Practical macroeconomic policy evaluation

a column by Narayana Kocherlakota for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

Modern macro models offer insights into the outcomes of adopting entire policy regimes, but in reality, policymakers are rarely required to make such broad-ranging policy decisions.

This column suggests how theoretical and applied microeconomics can be used to develop a framework for modern macroeconomic policymaking, and demonstrates how game-theoretic principles could be used to make series of sequential policy decisions. While this approach requires large amounts of data, it would allow academic macroeconomists to refocus on important policy questions.

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Britain’s problem is not too many robots – it’s too few

an article by Liam Byrne for the New Statesman

Robots weld vehicle panels in the Body Shop at the Nissan Sunderland Plant
Robots weld vehicle panels at the Nissan Sunderland plant

Harry Bridges was the legendary president of the American dockers' union who won his spurs organising through the bloody strike of 1934. But it was the mechanisation revolution of the Sixties that really put him to the test. Bridges knew he couldn't turn back the tide. So he set out a different question: how to win for his members “a piece of the machine”. The challenge, said Bridges, was how to get the machines working for the workers and not against them.

That question – the “Bridges test” – is once again the challenge for progressives as we face the future of work.

There is much to alarm us. Think of James Bloodworth's chilling account of life in an Amazon warehouse, where ubiquitous monitors have become what my friend Clive Efford calls the digital “butty man”; deciding who gets paid what at the end of the week. Or the death of DPD driver Don Lane, who worked himself to death in fear of the firm's penalties for slowness. Or Deliveroo's court-won freedom not to pay minimum wage or holiday pay.

The statistics behind the stories are even worse: 10 per cent of UK jobs are at risk of significant change. But the sectors hit fastest and hardest – retail and transportation – are those that employ the majority of the British working class. We could lose more working-class jobs than during the shutdown of coal, steel and shipbuilding combined.

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Why We Don't Need to Apologize So Often and How to Do It Well When We Do

a post by Paula Stephens for the Tiny Buddha blog


“The ability to apologize sincerely and express regret for the unskillful things we say or do is an art. A true apology can relieve a great deal of suffering in the other person.” ~Thich Nhat Hanh

My life has been full of apologies. I’ve been on both the receiving and giving end of the good, the bad, and the ugly apology.

Just recently a dear friend who I hadn’t connected with in a long time reached out and asked if we could meet for coffee. I sort of backhandedly blew her off and told her I would try to meet her later that same day. I had already made plans to run with another friend, but I chose not to share this.

After my run, I invited my running buddy to coffee and ran into my other friend. It was awkward. We hung out and all had coffee together, but there was an uncomfortable vibe between us the entire time.

Later that day I texted my friend, apologized, and told her I should’ve been honest about my reason for rejecting her invitation. Yes, you read that correctly – I texted my apology! Owning our mistakes is hard, and I’m working on getting better in this area.

On the other hand, I’m learning there’s a difference between apologizing for a mistake and apologizing for being human.

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Saturday, 21 July 2018

The Validity of Social Media–Based Career Information

an article by James P. Sampson, Debra S. Osborn, Pei‐Chun Hou and Adam K. Miller (Florida State University, USA), Jaana Kettunen (University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland) and Julia P. Makela (University of Illinois, USA) published in The Career Development Quarterly Volume 66 Issue 2 (June 2018)

Abstract

The use of social media expands the availability and sources of career information. However, the authorship of this information has changed from traditional print media and multimedia sources created by experts to social media–based career information created by the users themselves.

Although variability in career information validity has been an issue for some time, rapid growth in the use of social media creates some unique challenges. The ease with which social media–based career information can spread creates the potential for rapid widespread dissemination of disinformation and biased perceptions.

Potential sources of invalidity include intentional bias (with or without profit motive), unintentional bias, restricted range of experience, out‐of‐date information, popularity bias, similarity bias, and context deficiency.

The authors examine potential sources of social media–based career information invalidity and suggest implications for practice to help individuals make the best use of such information.


Speak better, do better? Education and health of migrants in the UK

Yu Aokia (University of Aberdeen, UK) and Lualhati Santiagob (Office for National Statistics, London, UK) published in Labour Economics Volume 52 (June 2018)

Highlights

  • Estimate the causal effects of English proficiency on the social outcomes of UK migrants.
  • Use the critical period hypothesis of language acquisition to construct an instrument.
  • Better English skills improve educational attainment and adult health, and affect fertility.
  • An improvement in adult health likely occurred due to an improvement in educational attainment.

Abstract

Does proficiency in host-country language affect immigrant social outcomes?

This paper aims to address this question by estimating the causal effects of English language skills on education, health and fertility outcomes of immigrants in England and Wales.

We construct an instrument for language skills using age at arrival in the United Kingdom, exploiting the phenomenon that young children learn languages more easily than older children. Using a unique individual-level dataset that links the 2011 Census data to life event records, we find that better English language skills significantly improve educational attainment and adult health, and affect fertility behaviour, but do not affect child health.

Supplementary analysis suggests that a higher educational attainment as a result of better English language skills is a possibly important channel though which English proficiency affects immigrant health.

JEL classification: I10, I21, J13, J15


Financing the war on cancer

a column by Ralph Koijen and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

Over the past decade, exciting breakthroughs in the field of immuno-oncology have resulted in significant gains in long-term cancer survival, but the cost of immunotherapy is often extremely high.

This column argues that life insurance would become a more valuable product to consumers if it were to pay for life-enhancing medical treatment in case of a cancer diagnosis. Widespread adoption of this funding model would increase life expectancy in the population, which would in turn lower the cost of life insurance.

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An essay on life, care and death in the Brave New World after 1984

an article by Cornelia Klinger (Eberhard Karls-Universität, Tuebingen, Germany) published in Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal Volume 37 Issue 4 (2018)

Abstract

Purpose
In order to explore the impact of the recent wave of a technological revolution on global culture and society, the purpose of this paper is to re-read the two most outstanding dystopian novels of the mid-twentieth century. George Orwell and Aldous Huxley observe and anticipate technological development in relation to questions of human nature and culture, individual identity and close relationships, matters of care, privacy and private life. The totalitarian regimes both authors experienced in their time have disappeared, yet today the two fields of high technology that fueled their fantasy are reaching levels of development to surpass Orwell’s and Huxley’s daunting visions.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper approaches the recent innovations in the information and communication technology as well as the upsurge of life sciences and bio-technology from a philosophical perspective, considering their impact on the social structure (division of labor, distribution of wealth) as well as on the symbolic order of advanced industrial societies (the sign and the body, life and death).

Findings
Taking up Michel Foucault’s distinction between ancient sovereign rule and modern biopolitics, the author suggests discerning a third stage of domination: bio economics plus culture industries. In contrast to the two previous forms of domination, this new regime does not endeavor to suppress but to foster and unleash life. Therefore, it instigates less resistance and opposition but meets with more approval and compliance. Domination in this neoliberal-libertarian guise may prove not less dangerous than the former totalitarian variant. It forces the author to re-think ways of resistance and critique.

Originality/value
This paper makes a theoretical contribution to the analysis of care, society and democracy.

What My Dog Taught Me About Self-Acceptance

a post by joel Almeida for the Tiny Buddha blog


“Because one accepts oneself, the whole world accepts him or her.” ~Lao Tzu

We all have recorded messages playing in our heads, from long ago.

Listen to parents talking to young children. Often the message is less than approving.

“Don’t put that in your mouth!”

“Go wash your face right now.”

“If you keep acting like that nobody will like you.”

“Look at Cindy, how well she’s doing. If you worked harder you could do as well as her.”

Those examples are kind compared to what many people will have heard growing up.

Many of these messages enter our brains before our conscious memories are fully formed. They may be buried somewhere in our minds, but they are real.

Of course, parents have to train young children. That’s part of their job. But not all parents balance their criticism with approval.

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Friday, 20 July 2018

How nations finance themselves matters

a post by Patrick Bolton and Haizhou Huang for the OUP blog


Singapore River Skyline Building by cegoh. Public domain via Pixabay.  

To understand how nations should finance themselves it is fruitful to look at how corporations finance themselves, how they divide their financing between debt and equity.

Corporations typically issue equity when they need financing for a new profitable investment opportunity, when their shares are overvalued by the stock market, or when they need to raise funds to service their debt obligations.

But what is the equivalent of “equity” – shares sold for a stake in a company – for a country? The logical parallel here is “fiat money”: government decreed paper currency. Fiat money issued by a sovereign nation is analogous of equity issued by a corporation. Both are essentially pro-rata claims on wealth.

Linking a nation’s monetary economics to a corporate finance framework yields several important insights.

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Global trade doubles material use for fashion, electronics over two decades

an article by Nancy Bazilchuk published in Gemini Research News [with grateful thanks to Tara at ResearchBuzz: Firehose for the link]


Global supply chains allow the displacement of environmental impacts from the country where the product is purchased to multiple locations where the product is produced. Photo: Colourbox

A new database gives researchers – and potentially policymakers – the ability to see how global trade affects environmental impacts.

Trade is one of the most visible hallmarks of 21st century life. Cheap shipping and global supply chains mean that goods made in one country can easily be shipped for purchase or consumption halfway around the world.

But if you are trying to assess – and limit – the environmental impacts of this trade, how can you possibly measure the environmental effects of a dress made in Pakistan that’s purchased in Peoria? Buying that dress drives all sorts of environmental and social impacts in far-away countries where the raw materials are extracted or products are made.

Essentially, you have to be able to determine all the different impacts along the supply chain of materials and energy that allow the dress to be made in Pakistan and then bought in Peoria.

A coalition of researchers under the umbrella of the EU’s 7th Framework Programme has been working on exactly this challenge through a programme called DESIRE, an acronym for Development of a System of Indicators for a Resource Efficient Europe.

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Spirituality, stewardship and consumption: new ways of living in a material world

an article by Amabel Hunting (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand) and Denise Conroy (University of Auckland, New Zealand) published in Social Responsibility Journal Volume 14 Issue 2

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how spirituality impacts on the consumption choices of consumers who are adopting a sustainable lifestyle.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a longitudinal study of urban-based consumers who are actively engaged in living sustainably. To effectively study these lifestyles, a multi-modal research design was used, which combined photo-elicitation, journaling, interviews and observational data.

Findings
Spirituality and material consumption are traditionally depicted as being in opposition, with research finding a decrease in conspicuous consumption when spirituality is enhanced. This research demonstrates sustainability-mindful consumers who are reversing this trend by enacting their deeply held ideological beliefs through their consumption choices. The merging of ideology with consumption elevates even mundane purchases to be acts of meaning and purpose.

Practical implications
With an unwillingness to compromise on their beliefs, there is a growing gap between these consumers’ demands and what the market is offering. The study found evidence of these consumers developing their own consumables in direct response to a lack of appropriate market alternatives.

Originality/value
This study demonstrates consumers for whom spirituality is at the centre of their consumption choices. Further, it provides evidence that supports Maslow’s theory of being motives (self-actualization and self-transcendence), in which people are motivated by the desire to fulfil their highest life potential. This research suggests opportunities for those businesses that are willing to meet consumers’ transcendent needs through more transparent and socially responsible practices.


10 for today starts with scenes of hope and includes two items on bees before ending with disaster

Clear-cut tropical forest revitalized with industrial orange peel waste
via Boing Boing by Andrea James

In 1997, ecologists Daniel Janzen and Winnie Hallwachs convinced a Costa Rican orange juice maker to to dump their waste peels in a clear-cut abandoned pasture that was in a national park. Twenty years later, the enriched soil nourishes tropical forest again, according to a new report.
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Why some baby bees are destined to become workers – or queens
via 3 Quarks Daily: Giorgia Guglielmi in Science
Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) pupas in honeycomb
The saying “you are what you eat” is particularly true for female honey bees, which grow up to be either small, sterile workers or large, fertile queens depending on their diet. Previously, many researchers thought that something in the food fed to young queens – a secretion called royal jelly – was what made the difference. Now, a new study suggests it’s signaling molecules in the grub of young worker bees that keeps their sexual development in check. That diet, a mixture of pollen and honey called “beebread,” is shot through with a special kind of microRNA (miRNA), noncoding RNA molecules that help regulate gene expression. To find out whether these miRNAs were the culprit, scientists added them to the diet of larvae raised in the lab. These larvae developed more slowly, with smaller bodies and smaller ovaries than larvae fed food without the supplement, the team reports today in PLOS Genetics.
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A Map of the Universe, According to René Descartes
via Big Think by Frank Jacobs
Article Image
Often regarded as the father of Western philosophy, René Descartes (1596-1650) is mostly remembered by the pithy summary of his method: Cogito, ergo sum - 'I think, therefore I am'.
Descartes shifted the philosophical debate from the question What is true, which implies a God as the ultimate guarantor of truth, to What is certain, requiring that human intellect alone sort the knowable from the unknowable.
But the cogitating Frenchman did even more than this. He also was a mathematician (developing analytic geometry) and a scientist (contributing to the field of optics), and had a thing or two to say about the cosmos as well.
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Summer of love 50 years on – London then and now
via the Guardian by David Levene
The summer of love is perhaps most closely associated with San Francisco’s hippy movement, which reached its zenith in 1967, but a similar phenomenon was seen in many other parts of the world that year, particularly in London.
It was a summer during which Procol Harum released A Whiter Shade of Pale, The Beatles put out All You Need is Love, and Pink Floyd were playing psychedelic gigs at the UFO Club in Tottenham Court Road.
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How Snobbery Helped Take The Spice Out Of European Cooking
via 3 Quarks Daily: Maanvi Singh in NPR

A 16th century woodcut shows the interior of a kitchen. In medieval Europe, cooks combined contrasting flavors and spices in much the same way that Indian cooking still does today.
Paul Lacroix/Wikimedia
In medieval Europe, those who could afford to do so would generously season their stews with saffron, cinnamon, cloves and ginger. Sugar was ubiquitous in savory dishes. And haute European cuisine, until the mid-1600s, was defined by its use of complex, contrasting flavors.
“The real question, then, is why the wealthy, powerful West — with unprecedented access to spices from its colonies — became so fixated on this singular understanding of flavor,” Srinivas says.
The answer, it turns out, has just as much to do with economics, politics and religion as it does taste.
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Nectar robbers: how flowers discriminate against the wrong kind of bees
via New Statesman by Jason Murugesu
Bumblebee
Kew Gardens
Civil rights issues are not just for humans. Ecologists at Kew Gardens have discovered that certain plant species use “toxic nectar” to repel the “wrong type” of bees from their flowers.
The “wrong type” of bee in this case is a short-tongued bumblebee. They visit all types of plants and are termed generalists. In tough times however (austerity has affected us all) these bees must resort to robbing nectar from plants which have their nectar deeply hidden, and are usually only pollinated by long-tongued bees. Short-tongued bees, on the other hand, chew through the hood of the plants' flowers to better access the nectar. This method is to the detriment of the plant as the bees bypass its reproductive structures.
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If the Universe Was a Symphony, Here's What Saturn Would Sound Like
via Big Think by Paul Ratner
Astrophysicists from the University of Toronto used the natural patterns of Saturn’s moons and rings to compose two pieces of music.
They did it to celebrate the upcoming end of the Cassini probe, which after twenty years will be decommissioned next month by being crashed into Saturn while gathering more data.
The team included astrophysicist Matt Russo, who along with fellow postdoctoral researcher Dan Tamayo, created the music and played the million-kilometer-long intergalactic instrument. They were joined in the project by the musician Andrew Santaguida.
To accomplish the feat, the scientists relied on the data of orbital resonances from Saturn’s moons and the trillions of particles floating in its ring system, as gathered by Cassini. Orbital resonances reflect the gravitational influences exerted by celestial bodies when they move past each other. The repeating patterns can be transformed into musical harmonies.
Continue reading Unfortunately the stunning image will not allow itself to be copied!

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Skeleton Flower turns transparent in the rain
via Boing Boing by David Pescovitz

Diphylleia grayi, the "skeleton flower" is normally opaque white but when it rains, the petals become transparent until the flower dries. Nanotechnologists are developing new materials inspired by the flower's structure that could lead to the likes of new underwater goggles that repel oil.
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and enjoy a fascinating video.

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The Abiding Charm Of Horace Walpole
via 3 Quarks Daily: Margaret Drabble at the TLS

Horace Walpole by Rosalba Carriera, 1741 © ART Collection/Alamy
The forty-eight large volumes of the Yale edition of Horace Walpole’s correspondence march along three open shelves in the Rare Books and Music Room of the British Library. They occupy a lot of space. Their indexes and footnotes are formidable. This monumental undertaking by W. S. Lewis, the great, wealthy and obsessed scholar and collector, was launched in 1937 and brought to completion after his death in 1979. Volume One contains correspondence between the Revd William Cole, an antiquarian, and Walpole. (The opening salvo from Cole is engagingly and somewhat informally described by Lewis as “incredibly dull”). Lewis justifies his decision to publish not chronologically, but by correspondent, by arguing that the vast collection of some thousands of letters fell naturally into divisions by subject matter, as Walpole “selected his correspondents with a subject more or less in mind”. So each individual correspondence, according to Lewis, tended to have its own theme – the social, the literary, the Gothic, the antiquarian, the political, the historical. When a correspondent died or “cooled off”, he or she would be replaced by another with similar interests, so a kind of coherence continued. On this principle Lewis gives us separate volumes dedicated to letters to and from such figures as the Florence-based diplomat Sir Horace Mann (eleven whole volumes to himself, in Lewis’s phrase a “great Andean range”), the Parisian hostess Madame du Deffand (six volumes, in French), the Countess of Upper Ossory (three volumes), while others, less attentive, less long-lived or less prolific (including the poet Thomas Gray and the writer-philanthropist Hannah More), are obliged to rub shoulders and share space.
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9 Inventors Who Were Killed by Their Inventions
via Big Think by Robby Berman
Yes, we know, “no pain, no gain,” but too much of a good thing…
Accident Claims Advice has put together an infographic of inventors who wound up being killed by their inventions, or as the infographic puts it, “Inventing your own demise.” No doubt not what these folks intended, but, hey.
For every Marie Curie, discoverer of radioactivity who died of exposure to the materials with which she bravely worked, there’s a Horace Lawson Hunley, the inventor of a hand-powered submarine who decided to take command during a test run and promptly drowned everyone on board, including himself.
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You Can’t Change or Fix People, So Listen Instead

a post by Julian Stewart for the Tiny Buddha blog


“When people talk, listen completely. Most people never listen.” ~Ernest Hemingway   

The chances are good that at some point in your life you had to deal with a loved one who consistently frustrated you. They were caught in a destructive pattern of behavior that made life difficult for them and everyone around them. How do you cope when this happens?

Perhaps you start avoiding them. And when that’s not possible, you choose to check out of any difficult conversation or interaction you’re having with them. You resign yourself to the belief that your loved one cannot and will not change their behavior.

Or perhaps you attempt a more active approach to the situation. You try to analyze your loved one the way a therapist might. You develop what you believe are perfect solutions for their problems and present them in the most convincing way you know how. Then you get frustrated when they reject your sage advice out of hand.

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Thursday, 19 July 2018

5 Practices That Helped Me Stop Being a People Pleaser

a post by Sara Fabian for the Tiny Buddha blog


“If you spend your life pleasing others, you spend your life.” ~Cheryl Richardson

Looking back on my life, I came to realize that I spent quite a high amount of my precious time trying. Trying to be perfect. Trying to be appreciated and liked by everyone else around me. Trying to fit in with different groups of people so that I could feel accepted and approved of.

I can recall many situations in my life when I did things I didn’t really want to do to comfort or please others. I was a master of people pleasing and, to be honest, it wasn’t always because I wanted to make everyone happy.

The truth is that I wanted people to like me. I expected them to give me the things I wasn’t giving myself: love, care, and attention.

People-pleasing is an unhealthy behavior, a clear sign of low self-esteem. It is disempowering, inauthentic, and extremely time- and energy-consuming.

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