Showing posts with label development. Show all posts
Showing posts with label development. Show all posts

Saturday, 12 October 2019

Can we create an empathic alternative to the capitalist system?

a post by Murilo Johas Menezes for the Big Think blog

Is capitalism naturally unempathetic?

People bathe at roadside municipal taps in Delhi, India.
People bathe at roadside municipal taps in Delhi, India … capitalism has created gross inequalities like a lack of proper sanitation for millions worldwide.                         Image: REUTERS/Ahmad Masood

Any attempt to propose a detailed alternative to the capitalist economic system in a short article could be seen as somewhat presumptuous.

How different economic models are established and how they work around the globe in distinct realities and societies is enormously complex. But, whatever the difficulties in envisioning an alternative, there seems to be a growing consensus on the existing situation: the capitalist system is not working for everyone.

The current model

Capitalism has brought important contributions over the last decades. These include the flourishing of technologies used for renewable energies, aligned with the necessity of low-carbon economies; medical breakthroughs that have substantially increased life expectancy across the globe; along with wealth creation and the growth of emerging economies that has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of extreme poverty.

Yet, these developments have come at a high cost. Humanity is now facing, at an unprecedented scale, several social and environmental problems that are intrinsic to the very nature of the current capitalist model – its incentive structures and how private players prioritize maximizing profits over an approach that promotes social inclusion and environmental resilience.


Reprinted [by Big Think] with permission of the World Economic Forum. Read the original article.


Friday, 19 July 2019

Poverty reduction and democratization – new cross-country evidence

an article by Frank-Borge Wietzke (Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals, Spain) published in Democratization Volume 26 Issue 6 (2019)

Abstract

The rapid decrease in absolute poverty across the developing world has received much attention. However, there have been few systematic attempts to analyse the political consequences of these developments.

This article builds on the improved availability of household income data from developing countries to document a small but statistically significant impact of lagged poverty rates on a range of democracy indicators. The results hold across a battery of sensitivity and robustness tests.

I also show that poverty reduction has a stronger effect on democracy than alternative predictors that are more widely used in the democratic regime transition and consolidation literature, such as average income and relative inequality (the Gini index). However, I find weaker effects of poverty on indicators of government quality and a declining influence of poverty reduction on democracy over time.

These results point to more structural obstacles to democratic consolidation in lower-income regions, such as a tendency by populist leaders to exploit the economic grievances of vulnerable lower-middle classes.

Full text (PDF 25pp)


Friday, 14 June 2019

Firm growth and the development gap: Evidence from Colombia and the US

a column by Marcela Eslava, John Haltiwanger and Alvaro Pinzón for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

A key difference between more and less developed countries lies in the speed at which the average business grows over its life cycle.

This column compares manufacturing firms in Colombia and the US, and concludes that average life cycle growth differences across countries with diverging income levels are largely driven by the superstars and the worst performers. Relative to the US, Colombia presents an overwhelming prevalence of microestablishments, a deficit of superstar plants, and less strict market selection pressure for underperforming plants.

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Thursday, 18 April 2019

The great disinflation in emerging and developing economies

a column by Jongrim Ha, M. Ayhan Kose and Franziska Ohnsorge for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

Emerging market and developing economies have achieved a remarkable decline in inflation since the early 1970s, supported by robust monetary policy frameworks, strengthening of global trade, financial integration, and the disruptions caused by the global crisis.

The column argues that a continuation of low and stable inflation in these countries is not guaranteed. If this wave of structural and policy-related factors loses momentum, elevated inflation could re-emerge. Policymakers may find that maintaining low inflation is as difficult as achieving it.

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Thursday, 28 March 2019

Social capitalism: Incorporating sustainability factors into macroeconomic analysis

a column by Yashaswini Dunga, Nancy Hardie, Stephanie Kelly and Jeremy Lawson for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

As climate change worsens and the forces of populism gather, there is a strong argument for moving beyond narrow economic measures of national progress.

This column presents a new indicator of progress that integrates environmental, social, and governance factors into growth analysis. Results show that the countries that have been able to blend economic dynamism with environmental, social, and governance dynamism are mostly developing economies. These countries often fly under the radar of traditional macroeconomic analyses.

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Wednesday, 20 March 2019

Land in urban debates: Unpacking the grab–development dichotomy

Femke van Noorloos and Griet Steel (Utrecht University, The Netherlands) and Christien Klaufus (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) published in Urban Studies Volume 56 Issue 5 (April 2019)

Abstract

On the heels of the rural ‘land grab’ debate, the ongoing urban transition combined with large-scale urban infrastructure investments and land scarcity forces us to also pay more attention to issues of land in urban discussions.

Yet how can we conceptualise land-related problems in order to connect and integrate rural and urban debates in overarching discussions of development? In this commentary, we argue for moving beyond the directly visible outcomes and presumed ‘culprits’ of land investments by critically analysing indirect and long-term effects of land acquisitions on people’s livelihoods as well as the differentiation of these effects for different actors.

We propose three specific arguments to disentangle the grab–development dichotomy:

  1. placing a focus on the sequential chain of effects of displacement;
  2. paying more attention to the ambivalent roles and contradictory interests of different actors; and
  3. taking the three-dimensional aspects of land development into account.

Full text (PDF 13pp)


Friday, 17 August 2018

Life-satisfaction is more a matter of feeling well than having what you want. Tests of Veenhoven's theory

an article by Sakari Kainulainen (Diaconia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland), Juho Saari (University of Tampere, Finland) and Ruut Veenhoven (Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands; North-West University, South Africa) published in International Journal of Happiness and Development Volume 4 Number 3 (2018)

Abstract

When assessing how satisfied we are with our life as a whole, we draw on two sources of information:
a) how well we feel most of the time;
b) to what extent life has brought us what we want from it.

The sub-appraisals are referred to as components of happiness.

Although it is generally agreed that both affective and cognitive appraisals are involved, there is difference in opinion as to their relative weight in our overall evaluation of life. This difference is related to the debate on the nature of happiness; need-theory predicts a greater weight for affective experience, while comparison theory predicts greater weight for perceived success in meeting wants.

This issue was investigated in two studies among the working age population in Finland in 2012 and 2016. Research questions were answered affirmatively, which fits the theory that judgments of life satisfaction draw first on affective experience.


Monday, 19 February 2018

The revenge of the places that don't matter

a column by Andrés Rodríguez-Pose for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal

Persistent poverty, economic decay and lack of opportunities cause discontent in declining regions, while policymakers reason that successful agglomeration economies drive economic dynamism, and that regeneration has failed. This column argues that this disconnect has led many of these ‘places that don’t matter’ to revolt in a wave of political populism with strong territorial, rather than social, foundations. Better territorial development policies are needed that tap potential and provide opportunities to those people living in the places that ‘don’t matter’.

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Tuesday, 9 July 2013

Changing demographics: are companies meeting the development needs of an ageing workforce?

an article by Kevin Young (General Manager EMEA at Skillsoft, UK) published in Development and Learning in Organizations Volume 27 Issue 4 (2013)

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the viewpoint article was to raise awareness around training and development opportunities made available to the over-60s workforce. Recent Skillsoft research, conducted by Opinion Matters, discovered that 93 per cent of UK CEOs do not invest in training and development for their employees who are over the age of 60.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a viewpoint article which raises awareness around training and development opportunities made available to the over-60s workforce, following recent Skillsoft research on this issue.

Findings
It is found that 93 per cent of UK CEOs do not invest in training and development for their employees that are over the age of 60.

Practical implications
It is encouraging to see that the UK Government is starting to initiate programs that are aimed at enhancing the over-60s working life and it is time for businesses to take note and not ignore this valuable part of their workforce. If forgotten and not given the appropriate development opportunities, it will be businesses that miss out on this untapped resource.

Originality/value
The paper addresses issues around training and development opportunities made available to the over-60s workforce, in the light of recent research.


Thursday, 17 May 2012

Is there a “double bonus” from reducing inequality?

an article by Akihito Asano (Sophia University, Tokyo) published in Economic Inquiry Volume 50 Issue 2 (April 2012)

Abstract

We study the effect of inequality on growth in an overlapping generations (OLG) model where inequality affects growth through accumulation of human capital and endogenous fertility. In contrast to much of the existing literature, we argue that the effect of inequality on growth might be non-monotonic.

Our model suggests that the effect depends on the demographic stage of development: inequality impedes growth in low-fertility (high human capital) economies, but enhances growth in high-fertility (low human capital) economies.

Our finding casts doubt on a “double bonus” from reducing inequality in developing countries which are typically characterized by high fertility.

JEL codes: J13, O15, O40

Monday, 12 December 2011

The developmental roots of social responsibility in childhood and adolescence

an article by Laura Wray-Lake (Claremont Graduate University) and Amy K. Syvertsen (Search Institute) published in New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development Special Issue: Youth Civic Development: Work at the Cutting Edge, Volume 2011 Issue 134(Winter 2011)

Abstract


Social responsibility is a value orientation, rooted in democratic relationships with others and moral principles of care and justice, that motivates certain civic actions. Given its relevance for building stronger relationships and communities, the development of social responsibility within individuals should be a more concerted focus for developmental scholars and youth practitioners. During childhood and adolescence, the developmental roots of individuals' social responsibility lie in the growth of executive function, empathy and emotion regulation, and identity. Efforts to cultivate children and adolescents' social responsibility in the proximal settings of their everyday lives should emphasize modeling prosocial behaviors, communicating concerns for others, and creating opportunities to practice civic skills.


Thursday, 3 November 2011

The International Handbook of Gender and Poverty: …

concepts, research, policy

Edited by Sylvia Chant, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK

I read a review of this book when I was at the British Library last week but, as is the way of journals, reviews have no abstract so nothing to bring you. Helpfully there are several descriptions online – take your pick. I took mine from the publisher.

While each of the articles in this impressive collection makes an original contribution
to the conceptual, empirical and policy analysis of gender and poverty, together they
provide a comprehensive overview of the field and an essential resource for all sections of
the development community. Professor Sylvia Chant is to be congratulated for bringing
together some of the leading thinkers in the field from across the world. This is not only an
unprecedented feat of international co-operation but feminist collaboration at its best.
– Professor Naila Kabeer, Institute of Development Studies, Sussex, UK

This book will be essential reading for all with scholarly,professional or personal interests in gender, poverty, inequality, development, and social, political and economic change in the contemporary world.

May 2010 752 pp Hardback 9-781-84844-334-1 £175
ELGAR ORIGINAL REFERENCE

For further information, please contact:
The Sales & Marketing Department, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, The Lypiatts, 15 Lansdown Road, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 2JA
info@e-elgar.co.uk • www.e-elgar.com

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