Thursday, 12 December 2019

How to Disagree Well

a post by by Stephen Abram for the Stephen’s Lighthouse blog

“The hierarchy of disagreement is a concept proposed by Paul Graham in his 2008 essay How to Disagree [lots more information about each of the levels listed below]. His hierarchy has seven levels, from “Name-calling” to “Refuting the central point”.
  1. Name-calling
    This is the lowest form of disagreement, and probably also the most common.
  2. Ad Hominem
    An ad hominem attack is not quite as weak as mere name-calling.
  3. Responding to Tone
    The next level up we start to see responses to the writing, rather than the writer.
  4. Contradiction
    In this stage, we finally get responses to what was said, rather than how or by whom.
  5. Counterargument
    At this level, we reach the first form of convincing disagreement: counterargument.
  6. Refutation
    The most convincing form of disagreement is refutation.
  7. Refuting the Central Point
    The force of a refutation depends on what you refute. The most powerful form of disagreement is to refute someone’s central point.
Paul Graham's Disagreement Hierarchy
Paul Graham’s Disagreement Hierarchy



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