a column by Gregory Clark and Neil Cummins for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal
Northern England is now less educated and less productive than the south. This north-south divide is often characterised by policymakers as evidence of market failure.
This column uses surname distributions to show that the northern decline can instead be explained by persistent outmigration of talent from the north. People of northern origin perform as well on average as those of southern origin. Talented northerners, however, are now mainly located in the south, where they are an economic elite.
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