Change in body image among depressed adult outpatients after a dance movement therapy group treatment

an article by Päivi Pylvänäinen (Tampere City Mental Health Services, Finland; University of Jyväskylä, Finland) and Raimo Lappalainen (University of Jyväskylä, Finland) published in The Arts in Psychotherapy Volume 59 (July 2018)

Highlights

• The tripartite model of body image consists of image-properties, body-self and body memory.
• Before the DMT, the patients’ body image reflected problems of presence.
• The DMT group treatment promoted safety, integrated body image, alleviated depression.
• The DMT group treatment made the participants’ presence more active and socially flexible.
• Statistically, body image improvement predicted symptoms alleviation.

Abstract

This study reports on the body image of depressed psychiatric outpatients, and the impact thereon of a dance movement therapy (DMT) group.

Body image is perceived as a tri-partite construct consisting of image-properties, body-self, and body memory.

Depressed patients in an outpatient mental health service participated in a DMT group treatment consisting of twelve 90-min long sessions in groups of 4–7 patients. Patients (N = 18) responded to a structured Body Image Assessment (BIA) before and after the treatment.

Initially, the depressed patients’ body image was characterized by fragmentation, distortions, and shallowness of body awareness. The DMT group treatment aimed to offer the patients a safe space for exploring their embodied experiences in a validating social setting.

This produced positive changes in the body image: finding a better sensation of one’s body, tolerating the sensations, settling in the body, finding pleasure and meaningfulness in the experiences.

BIA scores indicated large effect sizes in the change between pre- and post-treatment assessments. Change for more positive body image during the treatment predicted fewer depressive symptoms at the follow-up measurement.

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