Researchers from Politecnico di Milano and Trend Micro conducted an audit of the information security design of commonly used industrial robots and found that these devices are extremely insecure:
- robots could be easily reprogrammed to violate their safety parameters, both by distorting the robots' ability to move accurately and by changing the movements the robots attempt to perform;
- hacked robots can also be made to perform movements with more force than is safe;
- normal safety measures that limit speed and force can be disabled;
- robots can be made to falsify their own telemetry, fooling human operators;
- emergency manual override switches can be disabled or hidden;
- robots can be silently switched from manual to automatic operation, making them move suddenly and forcefully while dangerously close to oblivious, trusting humans; and of course,
- robots can be caused to manufacture faulty goods that have to be remanufactured or scrapped.
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