an article by Mirjana Ivanović and Aleksandra Klašnja-Milićević (University of Novi Sad, Serbia) published in International Journal of Embedded Systems Volume 11 Number 5 (2019)
Abstract
Nowadays the creation and accumulation of big data is an unavoidable process in a wide range of situations and scenarios. Smart environments and diverse sources of sensors, as well as the content created by humans, contribute to the big data's enormous size and characteristics.
To make sense of the data, analyse and use these data, more and more efficient algorithms are being developed constantly. Still, the effectiveness of these algorithms depends on the specific nature of big data: analogue, noisy, implicit, and ambiguous.
At the same time, there is the unavoidable scientific area of collective intelligence. It represents the capability of interconnected intelligences to collectively and more efficiently solve concrete problems than each individual intelligence would be able to do on its own.
The paper presents an overview of recent achievements in big data and collective intelligence research areas. At the end, the perspectives and challenges of the common directions of these two areas will be discussed.
Showing posts with label cloud_computing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cloud_computing. Show all posts
Friday, 27 September 2019
Wednesday, 14 August 2019
Deferred virtual machine migration
an article by Xiaohong Zhang, Jianji Ren, Zhizhong Liu and Zongpu Jia (Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China) published in International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking Volume 14 Number 2 (2019)
Abstract
The rapid growth in demand for cloud services has led to the establishment of huge virtual machines. Online virtual machine (VM) migration techniques offer cloud providers means to reduce power consumption while keeping quality of service. However, the efficiency of online migration is suboptimal since it is degraded by the execution of redundant migrations.
To alleviate this problem, we introduce a load-aware VM migration technique. The key idea is to defer these migrations and perform a quick analysis of the loads on target servers before launching any migration.
This consolidation is applied in two steps: first all migrations are tested and a set of candidates that are suspected to be redundant are formed and postponed for a short time. Then, the servers are analysed and only a subset of the migration candidates is activated.
Our selection mechanism is conservative in the sense that it avoids selecting and activating VM migrations that are unlikely to cause a harmful overloading on the target servers. Taking this conservative migration policy leads to an overall effective execution of virtual machines. Our experiment results demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of our method.
Abstract
The rapid growth in demand for cloud services has led to the establishment of huge virtual machines. Online virtual machine (VM) migration techniques offer cloud providers means to reduce power consumption while keeping quality of service. However, the efficiency of online migration is suboptimal since it is degraded by the execution of redundant migrations.
To alleviate this problem, we introduce a load-aware VM migration technique. The key idea is to defer these migrations and perform a quick analysis of the loads on target servers before launching any migration.
This consolidation is applied in two steps: first all migrations are tested and a set of candidates that are suspected to be redundant are formed and postponed for a short time. Then, the servers are analysed and only a subset of the migration candidates is activated.
Our selection mechanism is conservative in the sense that it avoids selecting and activating VM migrations that are unlikely to cause a harmful overloading on the target servers. Taking this conservative migration policy leads to an overall effective execution of virtual machines. Our experiment results demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of our method.
Friday, 13 April 2018
What Is Big Data, Why Is It Important, and How Dangerous Is It?
a post by Bertel King, Jr. for the MakeUseOf blog
Data is information, but that’s only part of the story. One detail about an event or a factoid about human health isn’t much data to work with. It’s the collection, organization, and storage of information that we think of when we talk about data.
In the internet age, companies and organizations around the world have collected so much data that we’re now talking about matters on an exponentially larger scale. Now there’s big data, and it’s having a huge impact on all of our lives.
What Is Big Data?
Big data is a data set so large that our traditional means of managing information isn’t up for the job. This collection can take many forms.
Examples of Big Data
Data is information, but that’s only part of the story. One detail about an event or a factoid about human health isn’t much data to work with. It’s the collection, organization, and storage of information that we think of when we talk about data.
In the internet age, companies and organizations around the world have collected so much data that we’re now talking about matters on an exponentially larger scale. Now there’s big data, and it’s having a huge impact on all of our lives.
What Is Big Data?
Big data is a data set so large that our traditional means of managing information isn’t up for the job. This collection can take many forms.
Examples of Big Data
- The tweets stored on Twitter’s servers
- The information Google gets from tracking car rides
- A country’s full set of local and national election results, going back as far as records have been kept
- What health insurance companies know about who gets what treatments done at which hospitals
- The types of purchases and places that appear on credit cards
- What people watch on Netflix, when, where, and how long
Tuesday, 27 November 2012
E-Research Collaboration in Academia and Industry
an article by Bay Arinze (Drexel University, USA) published in International Journal of e-Collaboration Volume 8 Number 2 (April-June 2012)
Abstract
E-Collaboration has come of age in the last decade, with industry and academia using the latest web-based collaborative software to bring together groups of workers to work on common tasks.
Research is a $370 billion industry in the United States and is conducted in every sector of the economy. It has collaboration at its core. Most innovations result from collaborative efforts between groups of workers who are often geographically dispersed. Academic leaders now seek the synergies that result from collaboration between their research faculty and others.
Web 2.0-based research portals have emerged that allow knowledge sharing and lowering of social barriers between researchers.
Another important development is cloud computing, which has dramatically reduced computing costs for organizations. These tools allow researchers in both industry and academia to extend their range and reach, gain synergies between dispersed groups, and increase research efficiency and effectiveness.
This paper examines the use of e-research collaboration tools in industry and academia. It describes a framework that matches an organization’s e-research collaboration needs to e-research collaboration solutions across several critical dimensions. The proposed framework will help to improve the understanding of available options for e-collaboration infrastructures, particularly in the sub-area of e-research. It will also help to identify the fit between these infrastructures and organizational e-research collaboration needs.
Abstract
E-Collaboration has come of age in the last decade, with industry and academia using the latest web-based collaborative software to bring together groups of workers to work on common tasks.
Research is a $370 billion industry in the United States and is conducted in every sector of the economy. It has collaboration at its core. Most innovations result from collaborative efforts between groups of workers who are often geographically dispersed. Academic leaders now seek the synergies that result from collaboration between their research faculty and others.
Web 2.0-based research portals have emerged that allow knowledge sharing and lowering of social barriers between researchers.
Another important development is cloud computing, which has dramatically reduced computing costs for organizations. These tools allow researchers in both industry and academia to extend their range and reach, gain synergies between dispersed groups, and increase research efficiency and effectiveness.
This paper examines the use of e-research collaboration tools in industry and academia. It describes a framework that matches an organization’s e-research collaboration needs to e-research collaboration solutions across several critical dimensions. The proposed framework will help to improve the understanding of available options for e-collaboration infrastructures, particularly in the sub-area of e-research. It will also help to identify the fit between these infrastructures and organizational e-research collaboration needs.
Tuesday, 2 October 2012
Cloud computing – new ICO guidance
via Panopticon Blog by Anya Proops
Cloud computing is becoming an ever more pervasive feature of the technological world. Whether one is dabbling in social networking or purchasing goods online, the truth is that we all, to a greater or lesser extent, now have our heads in the virtual clouds. However, the use of cloud computing inevitably raises important information law issues, particularly in terms of the impact on privacy rights and also under the Data Protection Act 1998. So far as the DPA is concerned, issues which fall to be considered include:
Continue reading Anya’s post here
Cloud computing is becoming an ever more pervasive feature of the technological world. Whether one is dabbling in social networking or purchasing goods online, the truth is that we all, to a greater or lesser extent, now have our heads in the virtual clouds. However, the use of cloud computing inevitably raises important information law issues, particularly in terms of the impact on privacy rights and also under the Data Protection Act 1998. So far as the DPA is concerned, issues which fall to be considered include:
- who actually controls the data which is being processed via the cloud (i.e. who is liable under the DPA if things go wrong in data protection terms)
- what steps a data controller may be required to take to safeguard against misuses of personal data within the cloud
- the security implications of processing personal data through cloud computing and, in particular, whether the processing of data via the cloud is compliant with the seventh data protection principle
- the legality of using clouds which operate transnationally and, hence, which may bring into play the application of the eighth data protection principle on cross-border data transfers
Continue reading Anya’s post here
Monday, 17 September 2012
A critical review of cloud computing: researching desires and realities
an article by Will Venters and Edgar A Whitley (London School of Economics and Political Science) published in Journal of Information Technology Volume 27 Number 3 (September 2012)
Abstract
Cloud computing has become central to current discussions about corporate information technology.
To assess the impact that cloud may have on enterprises, it is important to evaluate the claims made in the existing literature and critically review these claims against empirical evidence from the field.
To this end, this paper provides a framework within which to locate existing and future research on cloud computing. This framework is structured around a series of technological and service ‘desires’, that is, characteristics of cloud that are important for cloud users.
The existing literature on cloud computing is located within this framework and is supplemented with empirical evidence from interviews with cloud providers and cloud users that were undertaken between 2010 and 2012.
The paper identifies a range of research questions that arise from the analysis.
Abstract
Cloud computing has become central to current discussions about corporate information technology.
To assess the impact that cloud may have on enterprises, it is important to evaluate the claims made in the existing literature and critically review these claims against empirical evidence from the field.
To this end, this paper provides a framework within which to locate existing and future research on cloud computing. This framework is structured around a series of technological and service ‘desires’, that is, characteristics of cloud that are important for cloud users.
The existing literature on cloud computing is located within this framework and is supplemented with empirical evidence from interviews with cloud providers and cloud users that were undertaken between 2010 and 2012.
The paper identifies a range of research questions that arise from the analysis.
Friday, 17 August 2012
How digital information services can reduce greenhouse gas emissions
an article by Gobinda Chowdhury, (University of Technology Sydney, Australia) published in Online Information Review Volume 36 Issue 4 (2012)
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to determine the environmental impact of printed content in libraries and thus to find out how a digital information service can help libraries and institutions play a key role in helping the environment.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected and analysed through a combination of environment scan and document analysis, and some mathematical calculations. Comparative data for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from printed books and journals in certain countries, and some specific university libraries in Australia and New Zealand are presented. A lifecycle analysis approach is used to identify various factors that are responsible for GHG emissions for printed as well as digital information resources.
Findings
The study found that dematerialisation, i.e. the replacement of printed content with digital information services, can help libraries and institutions to reduce their impact on the environment. However, it is also noted that further research is needed to develop benchmarks and comparative data for GHG emissions from print-based and digital information services.
Practical implications
The paper provides data relating to the potential savings in GHG emissions that can be achieved through dematerialisation of printed content in libraries. A series of research issues in the area are identified.
Originality/value
The paper opens up a new area of research on the environmental impacts of information services. For the first time raw data on GHG emissions from printed content held in university libraries are calculated.
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to determine the environmental impact of printed content in libraries and thus to find out how a digital information service can help libraries and institutions play a key role in helping the environment.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected and analysed through a combination of environment scan and document analysis, and some mathematical calculations. Comparative data for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from printed books and journals in certain countries, and some specific university libraries in Australia and New Zealand are presented. A lifecycle analysis approach is used to identify various factors that are responsible for GHG emissions for printed as well as digital information resources.
Findings
The study found that dematerialisation, i.e. the replacement of printed content with digital information services, can help libraries and institutions to reduce their impact on the environment. However, it is also noted that further research is needed to develop benchmarks and comparative data for GHG emissions from print-based and digital information services.
Practical implications
The paper provides data relating to the potential savings in GHG emissions that can be achieved through dematerialisation of printed content in libraries. A series of research issues in the area are identified.
Originality/value
The paper opens up a new area of research on the environmental impacts of information services. For the first time raw data on GHG emissions from printed content held in university libraries are calculated.
Thursday, 28 June 2012
Oh, the joys of working in the cloud
Over recent days I’ve managed my personal objective of posting one interesting/apropriate item an hour for each of the hours of my working day and, as some of you will be well aware, that’s been achieved by scheduling.
So, today, as well as using the computer system in the British Library to read journals that are available as online subscriptions only I should have been transforming items from raw draft (often just a link I've emailed into my drafts folder) to something postable tomorrow.
Have I done either of those things?
Have I heck!
The British Library would not let me in to the server and the internet kept on crashing out on me on my laptop.
Tomorrow could be fun since I have some classification mapping that needs to be done as well.
So, today, as well as using the computer system in the British Library to read journals that are available as online subscriptions only I should have been transforming items from raw draft (often just a link I've emailed into my drafts folder) to something postable tomorrow.
Have I done either of those things?
Have I heck!
The British Library would not let me in to the server and the internet kept on crashing out on me on my laptop.
Tomorrow could be fun since I have some classification mapping that needs to be done as well.
Tuesday, 19 June 2012
Maximizing talent management through the cloud: …
New technologies offer opportunities to develop skills and careers
an article by Jason Corsello, (Cornerstone OnDemand, Santa Monica) published in Human Resource Management International Digest Volume 20 Issue 4 (2012)
Abstract
Purpose
Argues that cloud computing will have a vital role to play in the effective management of organizational talent and human resources over the next decade.
Design/methodology/approach
Draws on personal knowledge of the latest developments in information technology and experience of planning, developing, delivering and supporting applications and technology platforms that help organizations to manage their human resources. Identifies potential pitfalls in the adoption of cloud computing and provides advice on how to ensure that the organization secures the best solution for its needs.
Findings
Reveals that cloud computing will enable organizations and individuals to automate and standardize key processes, as well as gain access to and generate a greater volume of timely and useful information, thus helping to maximize the organization’s talent-management strategy in a cost-effective manner.
Practical implications
Argues that when an organization uses an integrated suite of talent-management applications, hosted in the application provider’s “cloud”", it benefits from more frequently updated, high quality and flexible functionality. It also saves the organization the cost and effort associated with maintaining the hardware and software necessary to run the applications and store the data in-house.
Social implications
Demonstrates how opportunities to develop skills and careers can be improved through the use of new technologies.
Originality/value
Draws on the author’s breadth of skill and experience to demonstrate how cloud computing can be used to improve the practice of talent management.
an article by Jason Corsello, (Cornerstone OnDemand, Santa Monica) published in Human Resource Management International Digest Volume 20 Issue 4 (2012)
Abstract
Purpose
Argues that cloud computing will have a vital role to play in the effective management of organizational talent and human resources over the next decade.
Design/methodology/approach
Draws on personal knowledge of the latest developments in information technology and experience of planning, developing, delivering and supporting applications and technology platforms that help organizations to manage their human resources. Identifies potential pitfalls in the adoption of cloud computing and provides advice on how to ensure that the organization secures the best solution for its needs.
Findings
Reveals that cloud computing will enable organizations and individuals to automate and standardize key processes, as well as gain access to and generate a greater volume of timely and useful information, thus helping to maximize the organization’s talent-management strategy in a cost-effective manner.
Practical implications
Argues that when an organization uses an integrated suite of talent-management applications, hosted in the application provider’s “cloud”", it benefits from more frequently updated, high quality and flexible functionality. It also saves the organization the cost and effort associated with maintaining the hardware and software necessary to run the applications and store the data in-house.
Social implications
Demonstrates how opportunities to develop skills and careers can be improved through the use of new technologies.
Originality/value
Draws on the author’s breadth of skill and experience to demonstrate how cloud computing can be used to improve the practice of talent management.
Tuesday, 10 April 2012
Move into the Cloud, shall we?
an article by Sharon Q. Yang (based at Moore Library, Rider University, Lawrenceville, New Jersey) published in Library Hi Tech News Volume 29 Issue 1 (2012)
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the latest information on cloud computing in a library context.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts an investigative approach including literature review and vendor-provided information.
Findings
Cloud computing is both a trend and technology to deliver software and hardware as a service, not as a product. It involves a centralized data center, virtual server space, and secure transfer of data over the internet. The alleged advantages of cloud computing include low cost to own (CTO), agile updates, openness, zero initial investment, just to name a few. Lately library system vendors have begun to deliver cloud computing options. For instance, Ex Libris will release Alma in early 2012. It is an Integrated Library System with a discovery layer based on cloud computing. Amazon (Elastic Compute Cloud called Amazon EC2) and other vendors also offer virtual servers for cloud computing and charge customers by hours, usage, and capacity. If this trend continues for the next several years, it is just a matter of time before librarians will face the decision as to whether they should move into compute cloud.
Originality/value
The paper discusses this new trend, focusing on the pros and cons of moving into cloud computing for libraries.
Hazel’s comment:
The problem is, of course, that technology is moving so fast that the research is out of date before it is published.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the latest information on cloud computing in a library context.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts an investigative approach including literature review and vendor-provided information.
Findings
Cloud computing is both a trend and technology to deliver software and hardware as a service, not as a product. It involves a centralized data center, virtual server space, and secure transfer of data over the internet. The alleged advantages of cloud computing include low cost to own (CTO), agile updates, openness, zero initial investment, just to name a few. Lately library system vendors have begun to deliver cloud computing options. For instance, Ex Libris will release Alma in early 2012. It is an Integrated Library System with a discovery layer based on cloud computing. Amazon (Elastic Compute Cloud called Amazon EC2) and other vendors also offer virtual servers for cloud computing and charge customers by hours, usage, and capacity. If this trend continues for the next several years, it is just a matter of time before librarians will face the decision as to whether they should move into compute cloud.
Originality/value
The paper discusses this new trend, focusing on the pros and cons of moving into cloud computing for libraries.
Hazel’s comment:
The problem is, of course, that technology is moving so fast that the research is out of date before it is published.
Wednesday, 4 April 2012
The evolving landscape of data management in the cloud
an article by by Divyakant Agrawal, Amr El Abbadi, Beng Chin Ooi, Sudipto Das and Aaron J. Elmore published in International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering Volume 7 Number 1 (2012)
Abstract
Scalable database management systems (DBMSs) are a critical part of the cloud infrastructure and play an important role in ensuring the smooth transition of applications from the classical enterprise infrastructures to next generation cloud infrastructures. Though scalable data management on distributed platforms has been a vision for more than three decades and much research has focused on large scale data management in traditional enterprise setting, cloud computing brings its own set of novel challenges that must be addressed to ensure the success of data management solutions in the cloud environment that is inherently distributed.
This article presents an organised picture of the challenges faced by application developers and DBMS designers in developing and deploying internet scale applications.
Our background study encompasses systems for supporting update heavy applications and focuses on providing an in-depth analysis of such systems.
We crystallise the design choices made by some successful large scale database management systems, analyse the application demands and access patterns and how the scalable database management systems have evolved to meet such requirements.
Abstract
Scalable database management systems (DBMSs) are a critical part of the cloud infrastructure and play an important role in ensuring the smooth transition of applications from the classical enterprise infrastructures to next generation cloud infrastructures. Though scalable data management on distributed platforms has been a vision for more than three decades and much research has focused on large scale data management in traditional enterprise setting, cloud computing brings its own set of novel challenges that must be addressed to ensure the success of data management solutions in the cloud environment that is inherently distributed.
This article presents an organised picture of the challenges faced by application developers and DBMS designers in developing and deploying internet scale applications.
Our background study encompasses systems for supporting update heavy applications and focuses on providing an in-depth analysis of such systems.
We crystallise the design choices made by some successful large scale database management systems, analyse the application demands and access patterns and how the scalable database management systems have evolved to meet such requirements.
Tuesday, 13 March 2012
Resource sharing in a cloud computing age
an article by Matt Goldner (OCLC, Inc., Dublin, Ohio) and Katie Birch (OCLC (UK) Ltd, Sheffield) published Interlending & Document Supply Volume 40 Issue 1 (2012)
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the historical development of interlibrary loan, identify key milestones such as the codification of ILL practices and development of new technologies to facilitate those practices, and assess the impact that changes in technology and publishing are having upon resource sharing in the digital age.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conduct an extensive historical review of global developments in resource sharing and then conduct a PEST analysis of societal factors affecting present day resource sharing.
Findings
Resource sharing continues to grow but there is a need to work together to find solutions to problems of distributed knowledge bases, incompatible systems, and electronic formats which often prohibit sharing of materials between libraries. Librarians must work with publishers, politicians, and systems developers to ensure that there is the same or equivalent rights to electronic materials as there is to print publications and that resource sharing systems can support new models of sharing and acquiring materials in multiple formats.
Originality/value
This paper provides a global perspective on the challenges of library resource sharing in the digital age.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the historical development of interlibrary loan, identify key milestones such as the codification of ILL practices and development of new technologies to facilitate those practices, and assess the impact that changes in technology and publishing are having upon resource sharing in the digital age.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conduct an extensive historical review of global developments in resource sharing and then conduct a PEST analysis of societal factors affecting present day resource sharing.
Findings
Resource sharing continues to grow but there is a need to work together to find solutions to problems of distributed knowledge bases, incompatible systems, and electronic formats which often prohibit sharing of materials between libraries. Librarians must work with publishers, politicians, and systems developers to ensure that there is the same or equivalent rights to electronic materials as there is to print publications and that resource sharing systems can support new models of sharing and acquiring materials in multiple formats.
Originality/value
This paper provides a global perspective on the challenges of library resource sharing in the digital age.
Wednesday, 12 October 2011
Preserving Records in the Cloud
an article by Jan Askhoj, Shigeo Sugimoto and Mitsuharu Nagamori (University of Tsukuba) published in Records Management Journal Volume 21 Issue 3 (2011)
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of managing records in a cloud computing environment and compare these with existing archiving models, exemplified by the OAIS reference model.
Design/methodology/approach
We compare the functional entities in OAIS with a layered model of cloud computing, in which services are abstracted and shared between layers. We conclude that there are a number of areas where OAIS does not integrate well with cloud computing systems.
Findings
Based on our findings, we define a new layered model for a cloud archiving system using the concepts and information types from the OAIS reference model. The proposed model allows the sharing of functionality and information objects by making them available as services to higher layers. The model covers the entire document lifecycle, making archive functionality such as preservation planning possible at an early stage and helping to simplify records transfer.
Research limitations/implications
We believe that our model provides a simple, OAIS compatible approach to representing how digital objects and necessary metadata can be transferred from content creation systems to archives systems.
Originality/value
Whereas a lot of research has been done on the technical aspects of cloud storage, there is a lack of focus on how to comprehensively integrate records transfer and preservation in cloud systems.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of managing records in a cloud computing environment and compare these with existing archiving models, exemplified by the OAIS reference model.
Design/methodology/approach
We compare the functional entities in OAIS with a layered model of cloud computing, in which services are abstracted and shared between layers. We conclude that there are a number of areas where OAIS does not integrate well with cloud computing systems.
Findings
Based on our findings, we define a new layered model for a cloud archiving system using the concepts and information types from the OAIS reference model. The proposed model allows the sharing of functionality and information objects by making them available as services to higher layers. The model covers the entire document lifecycle, making archive functionality such as preservation planning possible at an early stage and helping to simplify records transfer.
Research limitations/implications
We believe that our model provides a simple, OAIS compatible approach to representing how digital objects and necessary metadata can be transferred from content creation systems to archives systems.
Originality/value
Whereas a lot of research has been done on the technical aspects of cloud storage, there is a lack of focus on how to comprehensively integrate records transfer and preservation in cloud systems.
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