a column by Thomas Cornelissen and Christian Dustmann for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal
Primary education starts at age 6 or 7 in most OECD countries, but in the UK children start primary school at the age of 4 or 5.
This column exploits local variation in school entry rules in the UK to investigate the effects of schooling at an early age on cognitive and non-cognitive development. It finds that early schooling boosts both cognitive and non-cognitive skills up until the age of 11. These effects tend to be strongest for boys from disadvantaged family backgrounds.
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Showing posts with label socioeconomic_status. Show all posts
Showing posts with label socioeconomic_status. Show all posts
Thursday, 13 June 2019
Thursday, 18 April 2019
Towards rising inequalities in newspaper and television news consumption? A longitudinal analysis, 2000–2016
an article by Annika Bergström, Jesper Strömbäck and Sofia Arkhede (University of Gothenburg, Sweden) published in European Journal of Communication Volume 34 Issue 2 (April 2019)
Abstract
The transformation from low- to high-choice media environments has triggered concerns of rising inequalities in news media use.
This concern has been buttressed by research showing that motivational factors have become more important predictors of news media use. Less attention has been paid to how changes in media environments have altered the impact of socioeconomic status on news media use.
Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the changing impact of socioeconomic status on newspaper and television news consumption, empirically focusing on Sweden between 2000 and 2016. Among other things, results suggest that the impact of socioeconomic status on news media use has increased with respect to reading morning newspapers but decreased for reading tabloids and watching television news.
Abstract
The transformation from low- to high-choice media environments has triggered concerns of rising inequalities in news media use.
This concern has been buttressed by research showing that motivational factors have become more important predictors of news media use. Less attention has been paid to how changes in media environments have altered the impact of socioeconomic status on news media use.
Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the changing impact of socioeconomic status on newspaper and television news consumption, empirically focusing on Sweden between 2000 and 2016. Among other things, results suggest that the impact of socioeconomic status on news media use has increased with respect to reading morning newspapers but decreased for reading tabloids and watching television news.
Wednesday, 17 October 2018
How elite universities shape upward mobility into top jobs and top incomes
a column by Seth Zimmerman for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal
Graduates of top universities hold a large share of leadership positions in big firms. At the same time, elite universities are aiming to expand access to middle- and low-income students. Yet, it is unclear whether the benefits of attending top universities accrue to students from poor backgrounds.
This column examines new evidence from Chile and finds that admission to highly selective, business-focused degree programmes has very large effects on the rates at which male students from wealthy backgrounds attain top jobs and incomes, but little or no effect for female students and non-wealthy male students.
Continue reading
Graduates of top universities hold a large share of leadership positions in big firms. At the same time, elite universities are aiming to expand access to middle- and low-income students. Yet, it is unclear whether the benefits of attending top universities accrue to students from poor backgrounds.
This column examines new evidence from Chile and finds that admission to highly selective, business-focused degree programmes has very large effects on the rates at which male students from wealthy backgrounds attain top jobs and incomes, but little or no effect for female students and non-wealthy male students.
Continue reading
Tuesday, 30 July 2013
Contributions of Social Status and Family Support to College Students’ Career Decision Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectations
an article by Jennifer Metheny and Ellen Hawley McWhirter (University of Oregon, Eugene, USA) published in Journal of Career Assessment Volume 21 Number 3 (August 2013)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to better understand the roles of social status and family support in the career decision making of young adults in college.
We tested a path model predicting career decision self-efficacy and career-related outcome expectations in a sample of 270 male and female undergraduate students. Predictor variables included family of origin socioeconomic status, perceived social status, perceived family support, and intentional family career-related interactions.
The sample was randomly split into a calibration sample and a validation sample. Based on a path analysis with the calibration sample, the hypothesised model was modified, and a multiple group analysis was used to test for model invariance for the revised model.
The results of this study suggest that both family status and family support are associated with social cognitive career development outcomes. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to better understand the roles of social status and family support in the career decision making of young adults in college.
We tested a path model predicting career decision self-efficacy and career-related outcome expectations in a sample of 270 male and female undergraduate students. Predictor variables included family of origin socioeconomic status, perceived social status, perceived family support, and intentional family career-related interactions.
The sample was randomly split into a calibration sample and a validation sample. Based on a path analysis with the calibration sample, the hypothesised model was modified, and a multiple group analysis was used to test for model invariance for the revised model.
The results of this study suggest that both family status and family support are associated with social cognitive career development outcomes. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.
Tuesday, 13 November 2012
Socio-economic status and mental health – the importance of achieving occupational aspirations
an article by Cay Gjerustad (Norwegian Social Research, Oslo) and Tilmann von Soest (Norwegian Social Research, Oslo and University of Oslo) published in Journal of Youth Studies
Volume 15 Issue 7 (November 2012)
Abstract
This article examines whether achieving occupational aspirations accounts for some of the frequently noted relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health.
The analysis draws on longitudinal survey and register data for 1,644 young people, following the respondents over a 13-year period.
The findings show that aspiration achievement was a significant predictor of symptoms of depression and anxiety. A linear relationship was found for depressive symptoms, indicating that symptoms of depression decreased as aspiration achievement increased.
A curvilinear relationship emerged for anxiety symptoms, indicating increased levels of anxiety symptoms among those in occupational levels substantially lower and higher than their previous expectations.
The results suggest that aspiration achievement qualified as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health, even though only part of the relationship was explained. The findings point to the importance of obtaining a job that is in accordance with previous expectations.
Monday, 28 May 2012
Involuntary part-time workers in Britain: evidence from the labour force survey
an article by Surhan Cam (School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University) published in Industrial Relations Journal Volume 43 Issue 3 (May 2012)
Abstract
Part-time employment is widely considered functional for the economy, with both benign and detrimental implications for employees. However, specific analyses of involuntary part-time work in Britain are surprisingly absent from the flexibility debate, and workers in such positions remain largely under-researched.
This article explores involuntary part-time employment in relation to socio-economic circumstances.
We analyse Labour Force Survey data, using logistic regression modelling to identify the segments of workers filling part-time jobs involuntarily. The results suggest that involuntariness for part-time jobs is affected by a range of demographic and work-related characteristics considered.
Being a couple with dependent children, for example, reduces the likelihood of involuntariness among female part-time employees whereas lower educational and occupational levels imply a higher involuntariness across both sexes.
Abstract
Part-time employment is widely considered functional for the economy, with both benign and detrimental implications for employees. However, specific analyses of involuntary part-time work in Britain are surprisingly absent from the flexibility debate, and workers in such positions remain largely under-researched.
This article explores involuntary part-time employment in relation to socio-economic circumstances.
We analyse Labour Force Survey data, using logistic regression modelling to identify the segments of workers filling part-time jobs involuntarily. The results suggest that involuntariness for part-time jobs is affected by a range of demographic and work-related characteristics considered.
Being a couple with dependent children, for example, reduces the likelihood of involuntariness among female part-time employees whereas lower educational and occupational levels imply a higher involuntariness across both sexes.
Thursday, 23 July 2009
Integrating Social Class Into Vocational Psychology: ...
Theory and Practice Implications
an article by Matthew A Diemer (Michigan State University) and Saba Rasheed Ali (University of Iowa) in Journal of Career Assessment Volume 17 Number 3 (2009)
Abstract
Although social class plays a salient and significant role in career development and occupational attainment, social class is under-represented in vocational psychology theory, scholarship, and practice. Vocational psychologists are in a unique position to meet the career development needs of persons from all social classes by integrating a fuller understanding of social class into their scholarship and practice. This article provides an interdisciplinary review of conceptualisation and operationalisation of social class, the consideration of social class by theories of career development, the impact of social class upon career development processes, and implications of social class for career counseling and assessment. Through helping vocational psychologists more deeply understand social class and its interconnections to career development and occupational attainment, this article intends to create a springboard for the further integration of social class into vocational psychology scholarship and practice.
Hazel’s comment:
“Yes, yes” I found myself saying and then realised that I didn’t have a clue as to what a vocational psychologist is or does. Google wasn't a great deal of help although I did find the Society of Vocational Psychologists, several books about vocational psychology and yet another journal to add to the ever-growing list of sources that Dawn and I use to produce this blog and ADSET Member’s Update.
Then I came across a dictionary of vocational psychology terms “vocational psychology dictionary, focusing on terms important for career choice and development, work, and leisure” which I guess answers the question to an extent.
an article by Matthew A Diemer (Michigan State University) and Saba Rasheed Ali (University of Iowa) in Journal of Career Assessment Volume 17 Number 3 (2009)
Abstract
Although social class plays a salient and significant role in career development and occupational attainment, social class is under-represented in vocational psychology theory, scholarship, and practice. Vocational psychologists are in a unique position to meet the career development needs of persons from all social classes by integrating a fuller understanding of social class into their scholarship and practice. This article provides an interdisciplinary review of conceptualisation and operationalisation of social class, the consideration of social class by theories of career development, the impact of social class upon career development processes, and implications of social class for career counseling and assessment. Through helping vocational psychologists more deeply understand social class and its interconnections to career development and occupational attainment, this article intends to create a springboard for the further integration of social class into vocational psychology scholarship and practice.
Hazel’s comment:
“Yes, yes” I found myself saying and then realised that I didn’t have a clue as to what a vocational psychologist is or does. Google wasn't a great deal of help although I did find the Society of Vocational Psychologists, several books about vocational psychology and yet another journal to add to the ever-growing list of sources that Dawn and I use to produce this blog and ADSET Member’s Update.
Then I came across a dictionary of vocational psychology terms “vocational psychology dictionary, focusing on terms important for career choice and development, work, and leisure” which I guess answers the question to an extent.
Saturday, 8 March 2008
Poverty and Brain Development
from 3quarksdaily by Robin Varghese
I originally thought that this should be "interest" but then realised that many people working in the personal advice and guidance arena may well (probably are) dealing with people with "low socioeconomic status".
This is not just about poverty, real or relational, determined by whatever criterion is decided in the political climate in which the statistics operate. This is about perceptions of the person who has a lower status than other people in his or her community.
Mauricio Delgado over at the Scientific American blog has done reports on research into the effects of poverty on the brain. "Surprisingly, the most stressful part of being of lower socioeconomic status might not be feelings of deprivation, as might be expected, but rather the subjective perception of our lower social standing."
I originally thought that this should be "interest" but then realised that many people working in the personal advice and guidance arena may well (probably are) dealing with people with "low socioeconomic status".
This is not just about poverty, real or relational, determined by whatever criterion is decided in the political climate in which the statistics operate. This is about perceptions of the person who has a lower status than other people in his or her community.
Mauricio Delgado over at the Scientific American blog has done reports on research into the effects of poverty on the brain. "Surprisingly, the most stressful part of being of lower socioeconomic status might not be feelings of deprivation, as might be expected, but rather the subjective perception of our lower social standing."
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