an article by Dieu Hack-Polay (Lincoln International Business School, Lincoln, UK) published in Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy Volume 13 Issue 4 (2019)
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the migrant dilemma about operating extensively in migrant enclaves vs integration in host communities.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is a critical literature review contrasting views and perspectives of the role of migrant enclaves in migrant integration and contribution in new societies. Research in the area of ethnic enclaves has been polarised: on the one hand, the optimists argue the critical benefits of migrant and ethnic community networks, thus downplaying potential drawbacks of such networks and the disadvantage externally imposed on migrants; on the other hand, the pessimists overemphasise the disadvantages of ethnic enclaves, portraying them as ghettos of alienation.
Findings
Based on the social solidarity integration model and immigrant-host and social interaction theory, the paper posits that migrant community networks could intentionally or unintentionally engender cultural alienation, worsening an already precarious educational, cultural and economic exclusion. Thus, migrants could remain in lower societal roles and experience limited upward social mobility if they operate exclusively within migrant and ethnic networks. However, ethnic enclaves, at the same time, offer the initial psychological nurturing on which future successful socialisation work with migrant communities can be built.
Research limitations/implications
From a research angle, the theorisation of migrant enclave requires a new approach, which identifies dynamism and contextualisation as central to the debate.
Practical implications
From a policy perspective, the research suggests the rethinking of the role of community support systems (and the wider enclave debate). The organisational implications the research suggests a shift of the organisational paradigm in the way migrant organisations manage themselves and support members in the enclave.
Originality/value
This paper’s contribution is to take a duality approach to studying the ethnic enclave and posits that this will engender effective social policy that helps reduce economic inequality.
Showing posts with label economic_inequality. Show all posts
Showing posts with label economic_inequality. Show all posts
Monday, 14 October 2019
Friday, 3 May 2019
Schools and Attitudes Toward Economic Equality
an article by Jane Gingrich (University of Oxford, UK) Policy Studies Journal Volume 47 Issue 2 (May 2019)
Abstract
Do policies that shape equality in schools have effects on the type of society and polity that the citizens educated in them want?
This paper examines this question by analyzing variation in the English schooling experiences using the British Cohort Study and British Panel Study. It shows that the social environment of schooling affects adults’ attitudes to fairness and Conservative vote choice, but that policies targeting these social environments have weak effects.
The paper theorizes that actual policy feedback in education is often limited, because the effects of policies on school experiences are mediated by the behaviors of other actors on the ground.
Full text (PDF 29pp)
Abstract
Do policies that shape equality in schools have effects on the type of society and polity that the citizens educated in them want?
This paper examines this question by analyzing variation in the English schooling experiences using the British Cohort Study and British Panel Study. It shows that the social environment of schooling affects adults’ attitudes to fairness and Conservative vote choice, but that policies targeting these social environments have weak effects.
The paper theorizes that actual policy feedback in education is often limited, because the effects of policies on school experiences are mediated by the behaviors of other actors on the ground.
Full text (PDF 29pp)
Monday, 1 April 2019
Age War as the New Class War? Contemporary Representations of Intergenerational Inequity
an article by Susan Pickard (University of Liverpool, UK) published in Journal of Social Policy Volume 48 Issue 2 (April 2019)
Abstract
This paper examines intergenerational justice discourses that feature prominently in both the contemporary UK media and beyond, arguing that these constitute both a continuation of previous debates about the economic and social burden of the dependent ‘fourth age’ and a newer and more prominent denigration of the ‘third age’, both of which possess deep cultural and psychological roots.
Both themes are subsumed in the trope of the old as in some ways stealing the future of the nation, represented by youth. Analysing media depictions of intergenerational injustice across several themes, the paper suggests that, whilst justifying welfare retrenchment and other aspects of neoliberalism, the portrayal of social problems in terms of generational war emerges from age ideology and an age system that, among other things, intersects with and naturalises other forms of stratification.
This partly accounts for the fact that the attack on the ‘third age’ is particularly prevalent in left of centre, or progressive, media on both sides of the Atlantic. That the age system has been overlooked and underplayed in sociological terms is an important oversight since the former materially and ideologically facilitates the ever-growing socio-economic inequality that is a feature of our times.
Full text (PDF 18pp)
Abstract
This paper examines intergenerational justice discourses that feature prominently in both the contemporary UK media and beyond, arguing that these constitute both a continuation of previous debates about the economic and social burden of the dependent ‘fourth age’ and a newer and more prominent denigration of the ‘third age’, both of which possess deep cultural and psychological roots.
Both themes are subsumed in the trope of the old as in some ways stealing the future of the nation, represented by youth. Analysing media depictions of intergenerational injustice across several themes, the paper suggests that, whilst justifying welfare retrenchment and other aspects of neoliberalism, the portrayal of social problems in terms of generational war emerges from age ideology and an age system that, among other things, intersects with and naturalises other forms of stratification.
This partly accounts for the fact that the attack on the ‘third age’ is particularly prevalent in left of centre, or progressive, media on both sides of the Atlantic. That the age system has been overlooked and underplayed in sociological terms is an important oversight since the former materially and ideologically facilitates the ever-growing socio-economic inequality that is a feature of our times.
Full text (PDF 18pp)
Monday, 17 December 2018
Does economic inequality breed political inequality?
an article by Christian Houle (Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA) published in Democratization Volume 25 Issue 8 (2018)
Abstract
Does economic inequality generate political inequality?
While there is a large literature on the effect of inequality on regime change and support for democracy, there is little research on its effect on political equality across socioeconomic positions. Yet democracy and political equality, although related, are distinct concepts.
While political power tends to be more evenly distributed in democracies than in autocracies, there is substantial variation in both regime types.
This study argues that economic inequality should decrease political equality through multiple mechanisms:
Using three measures of inequality and data on more than 140 countries between 1961 and 2008, it was found that economic inequality tends to increase political inequality, even when one controls for the level of democracy. Results hold when the sample is restricted by regime type.
Finally, evidence in favour of the mechanisms is provided.
Abstract
Does economic inequality generate political inequality?
While there is a large literature on the effect of inequality on regime change and support for democracy, there is little research on its effect on political equality across socioeconomic positions. Yet democracy and political equality, although related, are distinct concepts.
While political power tends to be more evenly distributed in democracies than in autocracies, there is substantial variation in both regime types.
This study argues that economic inequality should decrease political equality through multiple mechanisms:
- it increases the resources of the rich relative to the poor;
- it widens the gap in policy preferences across income groups;
- it reduces participation; and
- it depresses support for democracy.
Using three measures of inequality and data on more than 140 countries between 1961 and 2008, it was found that economic inequality tends to increase political inequality, even when one controls for the level of democracy. Results hold when the sample is restricted by regime type.
Finally, evidence in favour of the mechanisms is provided.
Sunday, 11 March 2018
Economic Inequality, Educational Inequity, and Reduced Career Opportunity: A Self-perpetuating Cycle?
an article by Richard Torraco (University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA) published in New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development Volume 30 Issue 1 (Winter 2018)
Abstract
Economic inequality – the income gap between the wealthy and the poor – is increasing. Educational inequity has also increased with low-income students less likely to complete college than their wealthier counterparts.
As the gap widens between the education “haves” and “have-nots,” those with inadequate education are faced with reduced career opportunities in low-wage jobs.
This paper proposes that a self-perpetuating cycle exists among the problems of economic inequality, educational inequity, and reduced career opportunity. It proposes strategies for breaking the cycle and concludes by identifying areas of responsibility for further research and practice.
Full text (PDF 11pp)
Abstract
Economic inequality – the income gap between the wealthy and the poor – is increasing. Educational inequity has also increased with low-income students less likely to complete college than their wealthier counterparts.
As the gap widens between the education “haves” and “have-nots,” those with inadequate education are faced with reduced career opportunities in low-wage jobs.
This paper proposes that a self-perpetuating cycle exists among the problems of economic inequality, educational inequity, and reduced career opportunity. It proposes strategies for breaking the cycle and concludes by identifying areas of responsibility for further research and practice.
Full text (PDF 11pp)
Saturday, 23 December 2017
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