Trusting Your Instincts in a Psychologically Abusive Relationship

a post by Rebecca Lee for the World of Psychology blog



Most people understand the concept of physical abuse. If you’re in a relationship where your partner is physically hurting you, this is an obvious sign that:

1. Things are not okay.
2. This will probably not be the last time.
3. This relationship has the potential to be very dangerous.

Emotional abuse is more confusing. Depending on how someone was raised, where they grew up, and who influenced their life, the term “emotional/psychological abuse” may vary. While there is no official definition of the term, the outcome is usually the same.

Emotional abuse can lead to:

• Anxiety
• Depression
• PTSD
• Problems with sleep
• Low self esteem
• Doubting oneself

Most emotionally abusive behavior is used as a way to control the victim. There are different tactics used when implementing this type of control. Verbal aggression is one of most popular forms and can be demonstrated by lying, screaming, intimidation, threats or even the constant use of sarcasm. When one partner uses “jokes” to put the other down, especially in front of friends or family, this can be an early warning sign for problematic relationship behavior. Although the partner may insist they are “joking”, this can leave the other partner with nowhere to go. It is very difficult to address a joke as worthy of serious attention.

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Sarcastic Sentiment Detection Based on Types of Sarcasm Occurring in Twitter Data

an article by Santosh Kumar Bharti, Ramkrushna Pradhan, Korra Sathya Babu and Sanjay Kumar Jena (National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India) published in International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems Volume 13 Issue 4 (2017)

Abstract

In Natural Language Processing (NLP), sarcasm analysis in the text is considered as the most challenging task. It has been broadly researched in recent years.

The property of sarcasm that makes it harder to detect is the gap between the literal and its intended meaning. It is a particular kind of sentiment which is capable of flipping the entire sense of a text. Sarcasm is often expressed verbally through the use of high pitch with heavy tonal stress.

The other clues of sarcasm are the usage of various gestures such as gently sloping of eyes, hands movements, shaking heads, etc.

However, the appearances of these clues for sarcasm are absent in textual data which makes the detection of sarcasm dependent upon several other factors.

In this article, six algorithms were proposed to analyze the sarcasm in tweets of Twitter. These algorithms are based on the possible occurrences of sarcasm in tweets.

Finally, the experimental results of the proposed algorithms were compared with some of the existing state-of-the-art.

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