a column by Yukiko Asai for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal
One factor exacerbating gender gaps in employment is the cost of affording maternity and parental leave to women as primary caregivers.
This column analyses the relationship between the costs of providing parental leave and labour demand for childbearing-age women. As evidenced by a series of reforms in Japan in the last two decades, reducing the burden of parental leave costs from firms to social insurance systems increases both labour demand and starting wages for such workers.
Continue reading
Showing posts with label gender_gap. Show all posts
Showing posts with label gender_gap. Show all posts
Wednesday, 11 September 2019
Tuesday, 16 July 2019
The gender promotion gap: Evidence from central banking
a column by Laura Hospido, Luc Laeven and Ana Lamo for VOX: CEPR’s Policy Portal
The underrepresentation of women in economics is perhaps nowhere as visible as in central banks.
This column uses anonymised personnel data to analyse the career progression of men and women at the ECB. A wage gap in favour of men emerges within a few years of hiring, with one important driver being the presence of children. Women were also less likely to be promoted to a higher salary band up until 2010, when the ECB issued a statement supporting diversity and took measures to support gender balance.
Following this change, the promotion gap disappears.
Continue reading
The underrepresentation of women in economics is perhaps nowhere as visible as in central banks.
This column uses anonymised personnel data to analyse the career progression of men and women at the ECB. A wage gap in favour of men emerges within a few years of hiring, with one important driver being the presence of children. Women were also less likely to be promoted to a higher salary band up until 2010, when the ECB issued a statement supporting diversity and took measures to support gender balance.
Following this change, the promotion gap disappears.
Continue reading
Friday, 14 December 2018
Voter bias and women in politics: Evidence from French parliamentary elections
a column by Thomas Le Barbanchon and Julien Sauvagnat for VOX: CEOR’s Policy Portal
Despite many efforts to close the gender gap, women remain underrepresented in politics.
This column shows that in the case of France, voters’ preferences towards gender shapes political selection and ultimately the gender composition of elected politicians. This suggests that gender parity in policymaking relies on improving the slow-changing attitudes of voters towards male and female political candidates.
Continue reading
Despite many efforts to close the gender gap, women remain underrepresented in politics.
This column shows that in the case of France, voters’ preferences towards gender shapes political selection and ultimately the gender composition of elected politicians. This suggests that gender parity in policymaking relies on improving the slow-changing attitudes of voters towards male and female political candidates.
Continue reading
Sunday, 3 December 2017
How the rise of the service economy narrowed the gender gap
In brief from CentrePiece Autumn 2017
The historical growth in the service sector has created jobs for which women have a comparative advantage, according to analysis by Rachel Ngai and Barbara Petrongolo.
Full text (PDF 2pp)
This article summarises ‘Gender Gaps and the Rise of the Service Economy’ by Rachel Ngai and Barbara Petrongolo, published in the American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 9(4): 1-44 in October 2017 (earlier version available as CEP Discussion Paper No. 1204: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1204.pdf).
The historical growth in the service sector has created jobs for which women have a comparative advantage, according to analysis by Rachel Ngai and Barbara Petrongolo.
Full text (PDF 2pp)
This article summarises ‘Gender Gaps and the Rise of the Service Economy’ by Rachel Ngai and Barbara Petrongolo, published in the American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 9(4): 1-44 in October 2017 (earlier version available as CEP Discussion Paper No. 1204: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1204.pdf).
Tuesday, 29 November 2016
The Global Gender Gap Report 2016
via South West Skills Newsletter (The Marchmont Web Flash) November 2016
Through the Global Gender Gap Report, the World Economic Forum quantifies the magnitude of gender disparities and tracks their progress over time, with a specific focus on the relative gaps between women and men across four key areas: health, education, economy and politics.
The 2016 Report covers 144 countries. More than a decade of data has revealed that progress is still too slow for realizing the full potential of one half of humanity within our lifetimes.
Full text (PDF 391pp)
Through the Global Gender Gap Report, the World Economic Forum quantifies the magnitude of gender disparities and tracks their progress over time, with a specific focus on the relative gaps between women and men across four key areas: health, education, economy and politics.
The 2016 Report covers 144 countries. More than a decade of data has revealed that progress is still too slow for realizing the full potential of one half of humanity within our lifetimes.
Full text (PDF 391pp)
Wednesday, 6 March 2013
The Financial Costs of Caring in the British Labour Market: Is There a Wage Penalty for Workers in Caring Occupations?
an article by David N. Barron (University of Oxford, UK) and Elizabeth West ((University of Greenwich, UK) published in British Journal of Industrial Relations Volume 51 Issue 1 (March 2013)
Abstract
Recent evidence from the USA suggests that people engaged in occupations involving providing care for others, such as childcare and teaching, suffer a wage penalty. After taking into account job and individual characteristics such as level of education and work experience, people in these occupations in the American study earned about 6 per cent less than their peers in other types of occupation.
However, we do not yet know if people working in similar occupations in other countries also suffer the same degree of disadvantage.
The issue is important because, despite the perception that people in caring jobs place a relatively low weight on the level of remuneration when making career decisions, a number of studies have shown clear evidence of an association between pay and the propensity to give up working in a caring occupation. There are implications too for social inequality as many caring jobs are done by women and associated wage penalties could contribute to the persistent gender gap in pay. This study compares and contrasts the predictions of neoclassical economics, cultural feminist theory and social closure theory.
Data are taken from 17 waves of the British Household Panel Survey and include a total of 23,773 individuals, giving 110,677 person-year observations. These data are analysed using multi-level linear regression.
The results show clear evidence of a statistically significant wage penalty associated with working in some caring occupations. Those occupations requiring lower levels of educational qualification, such as nursing assistants and auxiliaries, are particularly hard-hit by the wage penalty.
On the other hand, some occupations, such as medicine and teaching, have fared better than comparable non-caring occupations over the same period.
We discuss the implications of these results for the gender gap in pay, poverty, social inequality and the future supply of caring workers.
Full text (PDF 20pp)
Abstract
Recent evidence from the USA suggests that people engaged in occupations involving providing care for others, such as childcare and teaching, suffer a wage penalty. After taking into account job and individual characteristics such as level of education and work experience, people in these occupations in the American study earned about 6 per cent less than their peers in other types of occupation.
However, we do not yet know if people working in similar occupations in other countries also suffer the same degree of disadvantage.
The issue is important because, despite the perception that people in caring jobs place a relatively low weight on the level of remuneration when making career decisions, a number of studies have shown clear evidence of an association between pay and the propensity to give up working in a caring occupation. There are implications too for social inequality as many caring jobs are done by women and associated wage penalties could contribute to the persistent gender gap in pay. This study compares and contrasts the predictions of neoclassical economics, cultural feminist theory and social closure theory.
Data are taken from 17 waves of the British Household Panel Survey and include a total of 23,773 individuals, giving 110,677 person-year observations. These data are analysed using multi-level linear regression.
The results show clear evidence of a statistically significant wage penalty associated with working in some caring occupations. Those occupations requiring lower levels of educational qualification, such as nursing assistants and auxiliaries, are particularly hard-hit by the wage penalty.
On the other hand, some occupations, such as medicine and teaching, have fared better than comparable non-caring occupations over the same period.
We discuss the implications of these results for the gender gap in pay, poverty, social inequality and the future supply of caring workers.
Full text (PDF 20pp)
Thursday, 17 January 2013
“Free as in sexist?” Free culture and the gender gap
an article by Joseph Reagle (Northeastern University and Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard) published in First Monday Volume 18 Number 1 (January 2013)
Abstract
Despite the values of freedom and openness, the free culture movement’s gender balance is as skewed (or more so) as that of the computing culture from which it arose. Based on the collection and analysis of discourse on gender and sexism within this movement over a six–year period, I suggest three possible causes:
Abstract
Despite the values of freedom and openness, the free culture movement’s gender balance is as skewed (or more so) as that of the computing culture from which it arose. Based on the collection and analysis of discourse on gender and sexism within this movement over a six–year period, I suggest three possible causes:
- some geek identities can be narrow and unappealing;
- open communities are especially susceptible to difficult people; and,
- the ideas of freedom and openness can be used to dismiss concerns and rationalize the gender gap as a matter of preference and choice.
Sunday, 14 September 2008
Women are getting beaten up. Again.
via TechRepublic Blogs on 4 September
An ominous new trend is appearing with fewer women being employed outside the home and average hourly pay going down. John M McKee discusses why this is going to cause a severe impact on both genders.
Read the full article
Hazel's comment:
I fail to understand what I was doing to have missed this for ten whole days! Sorry.
An ominous new trend is appearing with fewer women being employed outside the home and average hourly pay going down. John M McKee discusses why this is going to cause a severe impact on both genders.
Read the full article
Hazel's comment:
I fail to understand what I was doing to have missed this for ten whole days! Sorry.
Friday, 27 June 2008
Women and science / engineering
Comment first -- link afterwards
Why don't more women go into science and engineering? "Shocking" new research suggests that they actually aren't interested in a career in either of these areas.
Actually the article in by Elaine McArdle in The Boston Globe (18 May) uses "controversial" and "startling" rather than "shocking" but you get the picture. I found this via Arts & Letters Daily -- a source that is very close to the top of my favourites list for interest reading rather than the more serious side of life.
Interesting, which didn't actually shock me, was the idea that although there are many women qualified to take up careers in physics and high-level engineering they actually prefer to go into more "people-facing" work.
Why don't more women go into science and engineering? "Shocking" new research suggests that they actually aren't interested in a career in either of these areas.
Actually the article in by Elaine McArdle in The Boston Globe (18 May) uses "controversial" and "startling" rather than "shocking" but you get the picture. I found this via Arts & Letters Daily -- a source that is very close to the top of my favourites list for interest reading rather than the more serious side of life.
Interesting, which didn't actually shock me, was the idea that although there are many women qualified to take up careers in physics and high-level engineering they actually prefer to go into more "people-facing" work.
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