Showing posts with label denial. Show all posts
Showing posts with label denial. Show all posts

Friday, 30 August 2019

Climate crimes must be brought to justice

an article by Catriona McKinnon published in the UNESCO Courier


“Climate denial has benefited from the generosity of the fossil fuel industry.”

Climate denial has increased the risk of catastrophic global change. Should international criminal law be used against those who promote this dangerous trend? Economic and political leaders can no longer pretend it is business as usual. Whether they actively induce environmental harm or just ignore the existential threat against the survival of the human species, states and corporations must be held accountable for their actions or inaction regarding climate change.

A fire has started in the theatre, from which there are no exits. Unchecked, the fire will kill and injure many in the theatre, starting with those in the cheapest seats. Many people can smell the smoke, but some others have not noticed it yet. Some people are trying to warn everyone so that the fire can be contained before it spreads out of control. Another group – sitting mainly in the most expensive seats – is trying to shout loudly that there is no fire, or that it is not serious, or that there is plenty of time left to put it out. This group uses emotive language and insists that the other group is not to be trusted.

Many people in the theatre are confused by these conflicting messages or convinced by the fire-deniers. There are enough people in this combined set to significantly slow down the efforts of those listening to the accurate warnings, those who are trying to put out the fire. In this scenario, those shouting “No fire!” ought to be silenced, because there is a fire that requires urgent and immediate action to prevent it from spreading and becoming uncontrollable. But the fire is not being tackled properly because many of the people in the theatre do not know whom to believe.

Can we compare those who deny the reality of climate change to the group that occupies the best seats in the theatre? The answer seems obvious: yes.

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Tuesday, 13 August 2019

Debunking rumors on social media: The use of denials

Anjan Pal, Alton Y.K. Chua and Dion Hoe-Lian Goh (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) published in Computers in Human Behavior Volume 96 (July 2019)

Highlights
  • The use of denials can be a proactive strategy to debunk rumors on social media.
  • Sharing denials helps to spread the truth.
  • Friends and the online community encourage the behavior of sharing denial.
  • Source credibility of denials encourages sharing.
  • Incorporating salient beliefs in denials enhances users' intention to share
Abstract

The literature currently lacks an understanding of how denials can be crafted to effectively debunk rumors on social media. Underpinned by the theory of planned behavior, this research develops denials by incorporating salient beliefs to enhance users' likelihood to share such messages.

Two related studies were conducted.

The first was a survey of 276 participants to identify salient beliefs that could be incorporated to develop rumor denials. The following salient beliefs were identified in the survey:
  1. Sharing denials helps to spread the truth;
  2. Friends and the online community encourage the behavior of sharing denials; and
  3. Source credibility of denials encourages sharing.
From among the pool of survey participants, 206 took part in a second study that employed an experiment to measure the efficacy of the developed denials. The experiment revealed that denials incorporating all the salient beliefs had the greatest potential to influence users' likelihood of sharing. With a theory-driven approach to develop denials, this research offers insights to practitioners such as social media managers and website authorities on ways to debunk rumors.